Personal profile
Biography
I studied Theory of Science, Logic, Theoretical Linguistics, Philosophy and Law at the Universities of Mainz, Munich, Florence, and Lancaster. My main field of interest is the interaction between law, science and computer technology from doctrinal, comparative, and legal-theoretical perspectives. This research encompasses both the problems that technology and technological change pose to the law – technology law – and the use of technology in the justice system and the legal services industry – legal informatics.
Both perspectives, technology as a subject of regulation and a tool for regulation, are brought together through a theoretical perspective: How can law, understood as a system, communicate with systems external to it? “Computational legal theory”, in the understanding of my chair, tries to give answers to this question, by exploring the scope and also limits of computational representations of legal thought, and also by an analysis of how technology changes the way law thinks about such issues as responsibility, liability, harm and ultimately personhood and what it means to be human, living a lawful life.
I'm co-founder and currently, Director of the SCRIPT Centre for IT and IP law, where our work covers all aspects of technology regulation, from IP law to data protection to e-commerce to e-forensics. Since its inception, the hope for SCRIPT was to break down disciplinary silos, develop a holistic approach to technology regulation that crosses the lines between legal subdisciplines, and train lawyers that are technology literate, and technologists with a sound understanding of law and ethics. Most recently, this led to my involvement as Co-I with Creative Informatics, the large R&D project for the Creative Industries,
As a co-founder and co-director of the Joseph Bell Centre for Legal Reasoning and Forensic Statistics, I also work on questions of legal technology and its role in the justice system. Most recently, this meant an interest in computational creativity, emotional AI, and what these concepts mean when applied to law. I'm also serving as a member of the independent advisory panel on emerging technologies in policing.
I'm involved with a number of organizations that promote the exchange between computer science and law, including the German Association for Informatics, BILETA, and the Evidence and Investigation network of the Scottish Institute for Policing Research. I’m currently a member of the expert group of AI4People, chairing their working group on an ethics framework for legal technology, and member of the data ethics group of the Turing Institute. I’m also a member of the legal technologist accreditation panel of the Law Society of Scotland.
In addition to my role as Co-I with Creative Informatics, I'm currently Co-I on the Regulation Node of the UKRI Trusted Autonomous Systems Network, Co-I of AISEC, and Co-I of DeCaDe, the Centre for the decentralised Digital Economy.
Websites
Fingerprint
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Collaborations and top research areas from the last five years
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Cross-border legal adaptation of autonomous vehicle design based on logic and non-monotonic reasoning
Yu, Z., Lu, Y., Schafer, B. & Lin, Z., 13 Jan 2026, ICAIL '25: Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law. Maranhão, J. (ed.). ACM, p. 475-480 6 p.Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution
Open AccessFile -
AIWitness testimony: Visual neuroprostheses, AI-mediated perception and the law of evidence
Gonzalez-Marquez, C. & Schafer, B., 9 Jan 2026, In: Law, Ethics & Technology. 1, 3, p. 1-17 17 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Open AccessFile -
Building trust and developing value between creative rightsholders and genAI through tokenised licensing and content authenticity tools
Elsden, C., Liddell, F., Moruzzi, C., Schafer, B., Tallyn, E., Morgan, E., Dixon, B., Balan, K. & Collomosse, J., 1 Jan 2026, In: The Paris Journal on AI & Digital Ethics. p. 126-139 14 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Open AccessFile -
Visual neuroprosthetics, digital humans and the law of evidence
Gonzalez-Marquez, C. & Schafer, B., 12 Nov 2025, Digital Humanism: First Interdisciplinary Science and Research Conference, DIGHUM 2025, Vienna, Austria, November 20–21, 2025, Proceedings. Hagedorn, L., Schmid, U., Winter, S. & Woltran, S. (eds.). 1 ed. Springer, p. 153-168 16 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science).Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution
Open AccessFile -
AIpology: When saying sorry is the hardest string to compute
Schafer, B., 28 Jul 2025, Algorothmic Transformation and Diffusion of Power: Trust, Conflict, Uncertainty and Control. Spiecker, I. & Burchard, C. (eds.). 1 ed. Baden Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, p. 19-39 (Studien zum Datenschutz; vol. 80).Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter (peer-reviewed) › peer-review
Open AccessFile
Activities
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Computer Science, Regulation and the Future
Pagliari, C. (Invited speaker), Blandford, A. (Chair), Johnson, C. (Invited speaker), Schafer, B. (Invited speaker) & Irons, A. (Invited speaker)
6 Dec 2019Activity: Academic talk or presentation types › Invited talk
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European Lawyers association Annual Meeting
Schafer, B. (Speaker)
26 May 2017Activity: Participating in or organising an event types › Public Engagement – Public lecture/debate/seminar
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BILETA Annual Conference 2017
Schafer, B. (Keynote/plenary speaker)
20 Apr 2017Activity: Participating in or organising an event types › Participation in conference
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CO:OPyright: Challenges and Practices of Copyright and Licensing of Digital Cultural Heritage
Schafer, B. (Invited speaker)
14 Apr 2017Activity: Participating in or organising an event types › Participation in workshop, seminar, course
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Speyerer Forum zur Digitalen Lebenswelt
Schafer, B. (Invited speaker)
7 Apr 2017Activity: Participating in or organising an event types › Participation in conference
Prizes
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LexisNexis Best paper award Iris conference
Schafer, B. (Recipient), 26 Feb 2012
Prize: Prize (including medals and awards)
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LexisNexis Best Paper award IRIS conference
Schafer, B. (Recipient), 25 Feb 2017
Prize: Prize (including medals and awards)
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LexisNexis Best Paper award IRIS conference
Schafer, B. (Recipient), 26 Feb 2010
Prize: Prize (including medals and awards)
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LexisNexis Best Paper Award IRIS conference
Schafer, B. (Recipient), 26 Feb 2015
Prize: Prize (including medals and awards)
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Responsible Research Award at the Good Research Practice Awards 2022
Osborne, N. (Recipient), Terras, M. (Recipient), McDonald, C. (Recipient), Jones, V. (Recipient), Lechelt, S. (Recipient), Speed, C. (Recipient) & Schafer, B. (Recipient), 18 Nov 2022
Prize: Prize (including medals and awards)
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Next Stage Digital Economy Centre in the Decentralised Digital Economy
Schafer, B. (Principal Investigator)
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
1/10/20 → 30/06/26
Project: Research
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SCRIPT: SCRIPT Centre
Schafer, B. (Principal Investigator), Kheria, S. (Principal Investigator), Cornwell, J. (Principal Investigator), Rauhofer, J. (Principal Investigator), Craufurd-Smith, R. (Principal Investigator), Cavaliere, P. (Principal Investigator), Oke, E. (Principal Investigator), Jondet, N. (Principal Investigator) & Jones, R. (Principal Investigator)
8/06/10 → …
Project: Other (Non-Funded/Miscellaneous)
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REPHRAIN: Addressing Privacy Risks and Legal Challenges in the Emergent Use of Text-based Generative AI for UK Research
Schafer, B. (Principal Investigator)
1/11/23 → 31/08/24
Project: Research
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UKRI Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Node in Governance and Regulation
Schafer, B. (Principal Investigator)
1/11/20 → 30/04/24
Project: Research
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UKRI Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Node in Governance and Regulation
Ramamoorthy, R. (Principal Investigator), Belle, V. (Co-investigator), Bundy, A. (Co-investigator), Jackson, P. (Co-investigator), Lascarides, A. (Co-investigator), Rajan, A. (Co-investigator), Schafer, B. (Co-investigator), Vallor, S. (Co-investigator) & Williams, R. (Co-investigator)
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
1/11/20 → 31/07/24
Project: Research
Press/Media
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Opinion: Scottish law schools reject claims they are lagging behind on AI
Schafer, B. & Anderson, C.
9/02/26
1 Media contribution
Press/Media: Research
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Convicted baby killer Lucy Letby is languishing in prison. There's just one, big problem
7/06/25
1 Media contribution
Press/Media: Research
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The "most ferocious serial killer of children in the UK" is perhaps innocent: The case of Lucy Letby from the start
5/04/25
1 Media contribution
Press/Media: Research
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Did the jury get it wrong?; After another guilty verdict, experts are raising doubts about the evidence presented in Lucy Letby's trial. By Sarah Knapton and Martin Evans
10/07/24
1 Media contribution
Press/Media: Research
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Lucy Letby: Serial killer or a miscarriage of justice?
9/07/24
1 Media contribution
Press/Media: Research