@article{73e58398bd7b41c0911ef4a700a2eac5,
title = "A catalogue of omics biological ageing clocks reveals substantial commonality and associations with disease risk",
abstract = "Biological age (BA), a measure of functional capacity and prognostic of health outcomes that discriminates between individuals of the same chronological age (chronAge), has been estimated using a variety of biomarkers. Previous comparative studies have mainly used epigenetic models (clocks), we use ~1000 participants to compare fifteen omics ageing clocks, with correlations of 0.21-0.97 with chronAge, even with substantial sub-setting of biomarkers. These clocks track common aspects of ageing with 95% of the variance in chronAge being shared among clocks. The difference between BA and chronAge - omics clock age acceleration (OCAA) - often associates with health measures. One year's OCAA typically has the same effect on risk factors/10-year disease incidence as 0.09/0.25 years of chronAge. Epigenetic and IgG glycomics clocks appeared to track generalised ageing while others capture specific risks. We conclude BA is measurable and prognostic and that future work should prioritise health outcomes over chronAge.",
keywords = "Aging/genetics, Biological Clocks, Biomarkers, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Epigenomics, Humans",
author = "Erin Macdonald-Dunlop and Nele Taba and Lucija Klari{\'c} and Azra Frkatovi{\'c} and Rosie Walker and Caroline Hayward and T{\~o}nu Esko and Chris Haley and Krista Fischer and Wilson, {James F} and Joshi, {Peter K}",
note = "Funding Information: Generation Scotland received core support from the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health Directorates [CZD/16/6] and the Scottish Funding Council [HR03006] and is currently supported by the Wellcome Trust [216767/Z/19/Z]. Genotyping of the GS:SFHS samples was carried out by the Genetics Core Laboratory at the Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, University of Edinburgh, Scotland and was funded by the Medical Research Council UK and the Wellcome Trust (Wellcome Trust Strategic Award “STratifying Resilience and Depression Longitudinally” (STRADL) Reference 104036/Z/14/Z). We are grateful to all the families who took part, the general practitioners and the Scottish School of Primary Care for their help in recruiting them, and the whole Generation Scotland team, which includes interviewers, computer and laboratory technicians, clerical workers, research scientists, volunteers, managers, receptionists, healthcare assistants and nurses. Ethical approval for the GS:SFHS study was obtained from the Tayside Committee on Medical Research Ethics (on behalf of the National Health Service). Funding Information: We thank Archie Campbell for assistance with the electronic health records from ORCADES. The Orkney Complex Disease Study (ORCADES) was supported by the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government (CZB/4/276, CZB/4/710), a Royal Society URF to J.F.W., the MRC Human Genetics Unit quinquennial programme “QTL in Health and Disease”, Arthritis Research UK and the European Union framework program 6 EUROSPAN project (contract no. LSHG-CT-2006-018947). DNA extractions were performed at the Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, University of Edinburgh. We would like to acknowledge the invaluable contributions of the research nurses in Orkney, the administrative team in Edinburgh and the people of Orkney. We acknowledge support from the MRC Human Genetics Unit programme grant, “Quantitative traits in health and disease” (U. MC_UU_00007/10). Funding Information: We thank the UK Biobank Resource, approved under application 19655. We acknowledge funding from the UK Medical Research Council Doctoral Training Programme in Precision Medicine (MR/N013166/1). Funding Information: This research was funded by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (N.T.) and SP1GI18045T (T.E., N.T.), grants PRG1291 (T.E., N.T.) and PRG 1197 (K.F., N.T.) of the Estonian Research Council. The Estonian Biobank study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee on Human Research of the University of Tartu and the Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu scientific committee. Written informed consent was obtained from participants in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The work of L.K. was supported by an RCUK Innovation Fellowship from the National Productivity Investment Fund (MR/R026408/1). Funding Information: The CROATIA-Vis and, CROATIA-Korcula studies were funded by grants from the Medical Research Council (UK), from the Republic of Croatia Ministry of Science, Education and Sports (108-1080315-0302; 216-1080315-0302) and the Croatian Science Foundation (8875); and the CROATIA-Kor{\v c}ula genotyping was funded by the European Union framework program 6 project EUROSPAN (LSHGCT2006018947). We thank the staff of several institutions in Croatia that supported the field work, including Zagreb Medical Schools, the Institute for Anthropological Research in Zagreb, the recruitment team from the Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split and all the study participants. We are grateful to the Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen (Munich, Germany), AROS Applied Biotechnology, (Aarhus, Denmark) and the Edinburgh Clinical Research facility, University of Edinburgh (Edinburgh, United Kingdom) for SNP array genotyping. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, Aging. All rights reserved.",
year = "2022",
month = jan,
day = "31",
doi = "10.18632/aging.203847",
language = "English",
volume = "14",
pages = "623--659",
journal = "Aging",
issn = "1945-4589",
publisher = "Impact Journals",
number = "2",
}