A CMOS SPAD Line Sensor with per-pixel Histogramming TDC for Time-Resolved Multispectral Imaging

Ahmet T. Erdogan; Richard Walker; Neil Finlayson; Nikola Krstajić; Gareth Williams; John Girkin; Robert Henderson

doi:10.1109/JSSC.2019.2894355

A CMOS SPAD Line Sensor with per-pixel Histogramming TDC for Time-Resolved Multispectral Imaging

Ahmet T. Erdogan, Richard Walker, Neil Finlayson, Nikola Krstajić, Gareth Williams, John Girkin, Robert Henderson

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract / Description of output

A 512 × 16 single photon avalanche diode (SPAD)based line sensor is designed in a 0.13-μm CMOS image sensor technology for time-resolved multispectral beam scanned imaging. The sensor has 23.78-μm pixel pitch and incorporates one SPAD array with 49.31% fill factor optimized for detection in the blue-green spectral region, and a second array at 15.75% fill factor optimized for the red-near-infrared response spectral region. Each pixel contains a 32-bin histogramming time-to-digital converter (TDC) with a mean time resolution of 51.20 ps. Histogram bin resolutions are adjustable from 51.20 ps to 6.55 ns per bin. The line sensor can operate in single photon counting (SPC) mode (102.1 giga-events/s), timecorrelated SPC (TCSPC) mode (192.4 million-events/s) or on-chip histogramming mode (16.5 giga-events/s), increasing the count rate up to 85 times compared to TCSPC mode. Sensor capability is demonstrated through spectral fluorescence lifetime imaging, resolving three fluorophore populations with distinct fluorophore lifetimes.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1705-1719
Number of pages	15
Journal	IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
Volume	54
Issue number	6
Early online date	8 Feb 2019
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.2019.2894355
Publication status	Published - 30 Jun 2019

Keywords / Materials (for Non-textual outputs)

Photonics
Histograms
system-on-chip
Optical Imaging
Optical sensors
CMOS
fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM)
Histogramming
single photon avalanche diode
Single photon counting
Time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC)
time-resolved spectroscopy

Access to Document

10.1109/JSSC.2019.2894355Licence: All Rights Reserved

RAII_JSSC_paper_revised_14Sep2018Accepted author manuscript, 1.32 MB

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8637804Licence: All Rights Reserved

Multiplexed 'Touch and Tell' Optical Molecular Sensing and Imaging
Henderson, R.
EPSRC
1/10/13 → 31/03/19
Project: Research

Robert Henderson
- Robert.Hendersoned.acuk
- School of Engineering - Personal Chair of Electronic Imaging
Person: Academic: Research Active

Cite this

@article{3b09d88e5e4249edbd85c54d1261fcc0,

title = "A CMOS SPAD Line Sensor with per-pixel Histogramming TDC for Time-Resolved Multispectral Imaging",

abstract = "A 512 × 16 single photon avalanche diode (SPAD)based line sensor is designed in a 0.13-μm CMOS image sensor technology for time-resolved multispectral beam scanned imaging. The sensor has 23.78-μm pixel pitch and incorporates one SPAD array with 49.31% fill factor optimized for detection in the blue-green spectral region, and a second array at 15.75% fill factor optimized for the red-near-infrared response spectral region. Each pixel contains a 32-bin histogramming time-to-digital converter (TDC) with a mean time resolution of 51.20 ps. Histogram bin resolutions are adjustable from 51.20 ps to 6.55 ns per bin. The line sensor can operate in single photon counting (SPC) mode (102.1 giga-events/s), timecorrelated SPC (TCSPC) mode (192.4 million-events/s) or on-chip histogramming mode (16.5 giga-events/s), increasing the count rate up to 85 times compared to TCSPC mode. Sensor capability is demonstrated through spectral fluorescence lifetime imaging, resolving three fluorophore populations with distinct fluorophore lifetimes.",

keywords = "Photonics, Histograms, system-on-chip, Optical Imaging, Optical sensors, CMOS, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), Histogramming, single photon avalanche diode, Single photon counting, Time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC), time-resolved spectroscopy",

author = "Erdogan, {Ahmet T.} and Richard Walker and Neil Finlayson and Nikola Krstaji{\'c} and Gareth Williams and John Girkin and Robert Henderson",

year = "2019",

month = jun,

day = "30",

doi = "10.1109/JSSC.2019.2894355",

language = "English",

volume = "54",

pages = "1705--1719",

journal = "IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits",

issn = "0018-9200",

publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",

number = "6",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - A CMOS SPAD Line Sensor with per-pixel Histogramming TDC for Time-Resolved Multispectral Imaging

AU - Erdogan, Ahmet T.

AU - Walker, Richard

AU - Finlayson, Neil

AU - Krstajić, Nikola

AU - Williams, Gareth

AU - Girkin, John

AU - Henderson, Robert

PY - 2019/6/30

Y1 - 2019/6/30

N2 - A 512 × 16 single photon avalanche diode (SPAD)based line sensor is designed in a 0.13-μm CMOS image sensor technology for time-resolved multispectral beam scanned imaging. The sensor has 23.78-μm pixel pitch and incorporates one SPAD array with 49.31% fill factor optimized for detection in the blue-green spectral region, and a second array at 15.75% fill factor optimized for the red-near-infrared response spectral region. Each pixel contains a 32-bin histogramming time-to-digital converter (TDC) with a mean time resolution of 51.20 ps. Histogram bin resolutions are adjustable from 51.20 ps to 6.55 ns per bin. The line sensor can operate in single photon counting (SPC) mode (102.1 giga-events/s), timecorrelated SPC (TCSPC) mode (192.4 million-events/s) or on-chip histogramming mode (16.5 giga-events/s), increasing the count rate up to 85 times compared to TCSPC mode. Sensor capability is demonstrated through spectral fluorescence lifetime imaging, resolving three fluorophore populations with distinct fluorophore lifetimes.

AB - A 512 × 16 single photon avalanche diode (SPAD)based line sensor is designed in a 0.13-μm CMOS image sensor technology for time-resolved multispectral beam scanned imaging. The sensor has 23.78-μm pixel pitch and incorporates one SPAD array with 49.31% fill factor optimized for detection in the blue-green spectral region, and a second array at 15.75% fill factor optimized for the red-near-infrared response spectral region. Each pixel contains a 32-bin histogramming time-to-digital converter (TDC) with a mean time resolution of 51.20 ps. Histogram bin resolutions are adjustable from 51.20 ps to 6.55 ns per bin. The line sensor can operate in single photon counting (SPC) mode (102.1 giga-events/s), timecorrelated SPC (TCSPC) mode (192.4 million-events/s) or on-chip histogramming mode (16.5 giga-events/s), increasing the count rate up to 85 times compared to TCSPC mode. Sensor capability is demonstrated through spectral fluorescence lifetime imaging, resolving three fluorophore populations with distinct fluorophore lifetimes.

KW - Photonics

KW - Histograms

KW - system-on-chip

KW - Optical Imaging

KW - Optical sensors

KW - CMOS

KW - fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM)

KW - Histogramming

KW - single photon avalanche diode

KW - Single photon counting

KW - Time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC)

KW - time-resolved spectroscopy

U2 - 10.1109/JSSC.2019.2894355

DO - 10.1109/JSSC.2019.2894355

M3 - Article

SN - 0018-9200

VL - 54

SP - 1705

EP - 1719

JO - IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits

JF - IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits

IS - 6

ER -

A CMOS SPAD Line Sensor with per-pixel Histogramming TDC for Time-Resolved Multispectral Imaging

Abstract / Description of output

Keywords / Materials (for Non-textual outputs)

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Projects

Multiplexed 'Touch and Tell' Optical Molecular Sensing and Imaging

Profiles

Robert Henderson

Cite this