TY - GEN
T1 - A Feasibility Study on Textile Electrodes for Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
AU - Ju, Wei
AU - McConnell-Trevillion, Aidan
AU - Khan, Sadeque Reza
AU - Nazarpour, Kianoush
AU - Mitra, Srinjoy
N1 - Funding Information:
This work is partially funded by the Legal & General Group (research grant to establish the independent Advanced Care Research Centre at University of Edinburgh). The funders had no role in conduct of the study, interpretation, or the decision to submit for publication. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of Legal & General. This work was also supported in part by EPSRC (EP/R004242/2) and ESRC (ES/W006359/1). The authors would like to acknowledge all volunteers who were involved in the experiments.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 IEEE.
PY - 2023/8/7
Y1 - 2023/8/7
N2 - Over recent decades, wearable electronics have introduced successful bio-medical products to the commercial market, including real-time monitoring, symptom diagnosis, stimulation therapy, and rehabilitation. Hydrogel electrodes are commonly used in such devices, for data acquisition or electrical intervention. However, they are not a comfortable option for long-term applications and can trigger allergic reactions. Therefore, low-cost textile electrodes are actively being researched as an alternative to hydrogel standards. In this work, we study the efficacy of different electrolyte layers (water, water-in-oil (W/O) cream, and oil-in-water (O/W) cream), placed between the skin and textile-based electrodes, on contact impedance during transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Both electrode-tissue impedance (ETI) and normalized cross-correlation (NCC) analyses were used to evaluate and compare the performance of textile electrodes with electrolyte to hydrogel electrodes. The study revealed that textile-based electrodes with O/W cream present a viable, effective alternative to hydrogel standards for short-term use, whereas W/O cream presents a possible solution for some longer-term applications.
AB - Over recent decades, wearable electronics have introduced successful bio-medical products to the commercial market, including real-time monitoring, symptom diagnosis, stimulation therapy, and rehabilitation. Hydrogel electrodes are commonly used in such devices, for data acquisition or electrical intervention. However, they are not a comfortable option for long-term applications and can trigger allergic reactions. Therefore, low-cost textile electrodes are actively being researched as an alternative to hydrogel standards. In this work, we study the efficacy of different electrolyte layers (water, water-in-oil (W/O) cream, and oil-in-water (O/W) cream), placed between the skin and textile-based electrodes, on contact impedance during transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Both electrode-tissue impedance (ETI) and normalized cross-correlation (NCC) analyses were used to evaluate and compare the performance of textile electrodes with electrolyte to hydrogel electrodes. The study revealed that textile-based electrodes with O/W cream present a viable, effective alternative to hydrogel standards for short-term use, whereas W/O cream presents a possible solution for some longer-term applications.
KW - electrodes
KW - hydrogels
KW - contacts
KW - electrolytes
KW - skin
KW - electromyography
KW - impedance
U2 - 10.1109/NEWCAS57931.2023.10198106
DO - 10.1109/NEWCAS57931.2023.10198106
M3 - Conference contribution
SN - 9798350300253
T3 - Proceedings of the IEEE Interregional NEWCAS Conference (NEWCAS)
SP - 1
EP - 5
BT - 2023 21st IEEE Interregional NEWCAS Conference (NEWCAS)
PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
T2 - 2023 21st IEEE Interregional NEWCAS Conference (NEWCAS)
Y2 - 26 June 2023 through 28 June 2023
ER -