Projects per year
Abstract / Description of output
A miniaturized 1.4mm × 1.4mm, 128 × 120 single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) image sensor with a 5-wire interface is designed for time-resolved fluorescence microendoscopy. This is the first endoscopic chip-on-tip sensor capable of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). The sensor provides a novel, compact means to extend the photon counting dynamic range (DR) by partitioning the required bit-depth between in-pixel counters and off-pixel noiseless frame summation. The sensor is implemented in STMicroelectronics 40nm/90nm 3D-stacked backside-illuminated (BSI) CMOS process with 8 μm pixels and 45% fill factor. The sensor capabilities are demonstrated through FLIM examples, including ex-vivo human lung tissue, obtained at video rate.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1649-1660 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits |
Volume | 57 |
Issue number | 6 |
Early online date | 1 Mar 2022 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Jun 2022 |
Keywords / Materials (for Non-textual outputs)
- 3-D stacking
- chip-on-tip
- CMOS image sensor (CIS)
- fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM)
- High dynamic range (HDR)
- microendoscopy
- Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD)
- system-on-chip (SoC)
- time gating
- time resolved
- Random access memory
- Dynamic range
- single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD)
- Registers
- Endoscopes
- Imaging
- Logic gates
- high dynamic range (HDR)
- Single-photon avalanche diodes
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Lighting the Way to a Healthy Nation - Optical 'X-rays' for Walk Through Diagnosis & Therapy
1/06/20 → 31/05/25
Project: Research
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Multiplexed 'Touch and Tell' Optical Molecular Sensing and Imaging
1/10/13 → 31/03/19
Project: Research