A pair of TESS planets spanning the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780

Ryan Cloutier; Jason D. Eastman; Joseph E. Rodriguez; Nicola Astudillo-Defru; Xavier Bonfils; Annelies Mortier; Christopher A. Watson; Manu Stalport; Matteo Pinamonti; Florian Lienhard; Avet Harutyunyan; Mario Damasso; David W. Latham; Karen A. Collins; Robert Massey; Jonathan Irwin; Jennifer G. Winters; David Charbonneau; Carl Ziegler; Elisabeth Matthews; Ian J. M. Crossfield; Laura Kreidberg; Samuel N. Quinn; George Ricker; Roland Vanderspek; Sara Seager; Joshua Winn; Jon M. Jenkins; Michael Vezie; Stéphane Udry; Joseph D. Twicken; Peter Tenenbaum; Alessandro Sozzetti; Damien Ségransan; Joshua E. Schlieder; Dimitar Sasselov; Nuno C. Santos; Ken Rice; Benjamin V. Rackham; Ennio Poretti; Giampaolo Piotto; David Phillips; Francesco Pepe; Emilio Molinari; Lucile Mignon; Giuseppina Micela; Claudio Melo; José R. de Medeiros; Michel Mayor; Rachel Matson; Aldo F. Martinez Fiorenzano; Andrew W. Mann; Antonio Magazzú; Christophe Lovis; Mercedes López-Morales; Eric Lopez; Jack J. Lissauer; Sébastien Lépine; Nicholas Law; John F. Kielkopf; John A. Johnson; Eric L. N. Jensen; Steve B. Howell; Erica Gonzales; Adriano Ghedina; Thierry Forveille; Pedro Figueira; Xavier Dumusque; Courtney D. Dressing; René Doyon; Rodrigo F. Díaz; Luca Di Fabrizio; Xavier Delfosse; Rosario Cosentino; Dennis M. Conti; Kevin I. Collins; Andrew Collier Cameron; David Ciardi; Douglas A. Caldwell; Christopher Burke; Lars Buchhave; César Briceño; Patricia Boyd; François Bouchy; Charles Beichman; Étienne Artigau; Jose M. Almenara

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab91c2

A pair of TESS planets spanning the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780

Ryan Cloutier, Jason D. Eastman, Joseph E. Rodriguez, Nicola Astudillo-Defru, Xavier Bonfils, Annelies Mortier, Christopher A. Watson, Manu Stalport, Matteo Pinamonti, Florian Lienhard, Avet Harutyunyan, Mario Damasso, David W. Latham, Karen A. Collins, Robert Massey, Jonathan Irwin, Jennifer G. Winters, David Charbonneau, Carl Ziegler, Elisabeth MatthewsIan J. M. Crossfield, Laura Kreidberg, Samuel N. Quinn, George Ricker, Roland Vanderspek, Sara Seager, Joshua Winn, Jon M. Jenkins, Michael Vezie, Stéphane Udry, Joseph D. Twicken, Peter Tenenbaum, Alessandro Sozzetti, Damien Ségransan, Joshua E. Schlieder, Dimitar Sasselov, Nuno C. Santos, Ken Rice, Benjamin V. Rackham, Ennio Poretti, Giampaolo Piotto, David Phillips, Francesco Pepe, Emilio Molinari, Lucile Mignon, Giuseppina Micela, Claudio Melo, José R. de Medeiros, Michel Mayor, Rachel Matson, Aldo F. Martinez Fiorenzano, Andrew W. Mann, Antonio Magazzú, Christophe Lovis, Mercedes López-Morales, Eric Lopez, Jack J. Lissauer, Sébastien Lépine, Nicholas Law, John F. Kielkopf, John A. Johnson, Eric L. N. Jensen, Steve B. Howell, Erica Gonzales, Adriano Ghedina, Thierry Forveille, Pedro Figueira, Xavier Dumusque, Courtney D. Dressing, René Doyon, Rodrigo F. Díaz, Luca Di Fabrizio, Xavier Delfosse, Rosario Cosentino, Dennis M. Conti, Kevin I. Collins, Andrew Collier Cameron, David Ciardi, Douglas A. Caldwell, Christopher Burke, Lars Buchhave, César Briceño, Patricia Boyd, François Bouchy, Charles Beichman, Étienne Artigau, Jose M. Almenara

School of Physics and Astronomy

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

We present the confirmation of two new planets transiting the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780 (TIC 36724087, TOI-732, V = 13.07, K s = 8.204, R s = 0.374 R ⊙, M s = 0.401 M ⊙, d = 22 pc). The two planet candidates are identified in a single Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite sector and validated with reconnaissance spectroscopy, ground-based photometric follow-up, and high-resolution imaging. With measured orbital periods of P b = 0.77, P c = 12.25 days and sizes r p,b = 1.33 ± 0.07, r p,c = 2.30 ± 0.16 R ⊕, the two planets span the radius valley in period–radius space around low-mass stars, thus making the system a laboratory to test competing theories of the emergence of the radius valley in that stellar mass regime. By combining 63 precise radial velocity measurements from the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) and HARPS-N, we measure planet masses of ${m}_{p,b}={2.62}_{-0.46}^{+0.48}$ and ${m}_{p,c}={8.6}_{-1.3}^{+1.6}$ M ⊕, which indicates that LTT 3780b has a bulk composition consistent with being Earth-like, while LTT 3780c likely hosts an extended H/He envelope. We show that the recovered planetary masses are consistent with predictions from both photoevaporation and core-powered mass-loss models. The brightness and small size of LTT 3780, along with the measured planetary parameters, render LTT 3780b and c as accessible targets for atmospheric characterization of planets within the same planetary system and spanning the radius valley.

Original language	English
Journal	Astronomical Journal
Volume	160
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab91c2
Publication status	Published - 4 Jun 2020

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astro-ph.EP

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10.3847/1538-3881/ab91c2

2003.01136Accepted author manuscript, 4.74 MB

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Cloutier, R., Eastman, J. D., Rodriguez, J. E., Astudillo-Defru, N., Bonfils, X., Mortier, A., Watson, C. A., Stalport, M., Pinamonti, M., Lienhard, F., Harutyunyan, A., Damasso, M., Latham, D. W., Collins, K. A., Massey, R., Irwin, J., Winters, J. G., Charbonneau, D., Ziegler, C., ... Almenara, J. M. (2020). A pair of TESS planets spanning the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780. Astronomical Journal, 160(1). https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab91c2

@article{1fd23415951c4ebe9f00b4185bb997b2,

title = "A pair of TESS planets spanning the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780",

abstract = " We present the confirmation of two new planets transiting the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780 (TIC 36724087, TOI-732, V = 13.07, K s = 8.204, R s = 0.374 R ⊙, M s = 0.401 M ⊙, d = 22 pc). The two planet candidates are identified in a single Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite sector and validated with reconnaissance spectroscopy, ground-based photometric follow-up, and high-resolution imaging. With measured orbital periods of P b = 0.77, P c = 12.25 days and sizes r p,b = 1.33 ± 0.07, r p,c = 2.30 ± 0.16 R ⊕, the two planets span the radius valley in period–radius space around low-mass stars, thus making the system a laboratory to test competing theories of the emergence of the radius valley in that stellar mass regime. By combining 63 precise radial velocity measurements from the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) and HARPS-N, we measure planet masses of \$\{m\}\_\{p,b\}=\{2.62\}\_\{-0.46\}\textasciicircum{}\{+0.48\}\$ and \$\{m\}\_\{p,c\}=\{8.6\}\_\{-1.3\}\textasciicircum{}\{+1.6\}\$ M ⊕, which indicates that LTT 3780b has a bulk composition consistent with being Earth-like, while LTT 3780c likely hosts an extended H/He envelope. We show that the recovered planetary masses are consistent with predictions from both photoevaporation and core-powered mass-loss models. The brightness and small size of LTT 3780, along with the measured planetary parameters, render LTT 3780b and c as accessible targets for atmospheric characterization of planets within the same planetary system and spanning the radius valley.",

keywords = "astro-ph.EP",

author = "Ryan Cloutier and Eastman, \{Jason D.\} and Rodriguez, \{Joseph E.\} and Nicola Astudillo-Defru and Xavier Bonfils and Annelies Mortier and Watson, \{Christopher A.\} and Manu Stalport and Matteo Pinamonti and Florian Lienhard and Avet Harutyunyan and Mario Damasso and Latham, \{David W.\} and Collins, \{Karen A.\} and Robert Massey and Jonathan Irwin and Winters, \{Jennifer G.\} and David Charbonneau and Carl Ziegler and Elisabeth Matthews and Crossfield, \{Ian J. M.\} and Laura Kreidberg and Quinn, \{Samuel N.\} and George Ricker and Roland Vanderspek and Sara Seager and Joshua Winn and Jenkins, \{Jon M.\} and Michael Vezie and St{\'e}phane Udry and Twicken, \{Joseph D.\} and Peter Tenenbaum and Alessandro Sozzetti and Damien S{\'e}gransan and Schlieder, \{Joshua E.\} and Dimitar Sasselov and Santos, \{Nuno C.\} and Ken Rice and Rackham, \{Benjamin V.\} and Ennio Poretti and Giampaolo Piotto and David Phillips and Francesco Pepe and Emilio Molinari and Lucile Mignon and Giuseppina Micela and Claudio Melo and Medeiros, \{Jos{\'e} R. de\} and Michel Mayor and Rachel Matson and Fiorenzano, \{Aldo F. Martinez\} and Mann, \{Andrew W.\} and Antonio Magazz{\'u} and Christophe Lovis and Mercedes L{\'o}pez-Morales and Eric Lopez and Lissauer, \{Jack J.\} and S{\'e}bastien L{\'e}pine and Nicholas Law and Kielkopf, \{John F.\} and Johnson, \{John A.\} and Jensen, \{Eric L. N.\} and Howell, \{Steve B.\} and Erica Gonzales and Adriano Ghedina and Thierry Forveille and Pedro Figueira and Xavier Dumusque and Dressing, \{Courtney D.\} and Ren{\'e} Doyon and D{\'i}az, \{Rodrigo F.\} and Fabrizio, \{Luca Di\} and Xavier Delfosse and Rosario Cosentino and Conti, \{Dennis M.\} and Collins, \{Kevin I.\} and Cameron, \{Andrew Collier\} and David Ciardi and Caldwell, \{Douglas A.\} and Christopher Burke and Lars Buchhave and C{\'e}sar Brice{\~n}o and Patricia Boyd and Fran{\c c}ois Bouchy and Charles Beichman and {\'E}tienne Artigau and Almenara, \{Jose M.\}",

note = "Accepted to AJ. 8 figures, 6 tables. CSV file of the RV measurements (i.e. Table 2) are included in the source code",

year = "2020",

month = jun,

day = "4",

doi = "10.3847/1538-3881/ab91c2",

language = "English",

volume = "160",

journal = "Astronomical Journal",

issn = "0004-6256",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "1",

}

Cloutier, R, Eastman, JD, Rodriguez, JE, Astudillo-Defru, N, Bonfils, X, Mortier, A, Watson, CA, Stalport, M, Pinamonti, M, Lienhard, F, Harutyunyan, A, Damasso, M, Latham, DW, Collins, KA, Massey, R, Irwin, J, Winters, JG, Charbonneau, D, Ziegler, C, Matthews, E, Crossfield, IJM, Kreidberg, L, Quinn, SN, Ricker, G, Vanderspek, R, Seager, S, Winn, J, Jenkins, JM, Vezie, M, Udry, S, Twicken, JD, Tenenbaum, P, Sozzetti, A, Ségransan, D, Schlieder, JE, Sasselov, D, Santos, NC, Rice, K, Rackham, BV, Poretti, E, Piotto, G, Phillips, D, Pepe, F, Molinari, E, Mignon, L, Micela, G, Melo, C, Medeiros, JRD, Mayor, M, Matson, R, Fiorenzano, AFM, Mann, AW, Magazzú, A, Lovis, C, López-Morales, M, Lopez, E, Lissauer, JJ, Lépine, S, Law, N, Kielkopf, JF, Johnson, JA, Jensen, ELN, Howell, SB, Gonzales, E, Ghedina, A, Forveille, T, Figueira, P, Dumusque, X, Dressing, CD, Doyon, R, Díaz, RF, Fabrizio, LD, Delfosse, X, Cosentino, R, Conti, DM, Collins, KI, Cameron, AC, Ciardi, D, Caldwell, DA, Burke, C, Buchhave, L, Briceño, C, Boyd, P, Bouchy, F, Beichman, C, Artigau, É & Almenara, JM 2020, 'A pair of TESS planets spanning the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780', Astronomical Journal, vol. 160, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab91c2

TY - JOUR

T1 - A pair of TESS planets spanning the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780

AU - Cloutier, Ryan

AU - Eastman, Jason D.

AU - Rodriguez, Joseph E.

AU - Astudillo-Defru, Nicola

AU - Bonfils, Xavier

AU - Mortier, Annelies

AU - Watson, Christopher A.

AU - Stalport, Manu

AU - Pinamonti, Matteo

AU - Lienhard, Florian

AU - Harutyunyan, Avet

AU - Damasso, Mario

AU - Latham, David W.

AU - Collins, Karen A.

AU - Massey, Robert

AU - Irwin, Jonathan

AU - Winters, Jennifer G.

AU - Charbonneau, David

AU - Ziegler, Carl

AU - Matthews, Elisabeth

AU - Crossfield, Ian J. M.

AU - Kreidberg, Laura

AU - Quinn, Samuel N.

AU - Ricker, George

AU - Vanderspek, Roland

AU - Seager, Sara

AU - Winn, Joshua

AU - Jenkins, Jon M.

AU - Vezie, Michael

AU - Udry, Stéphane

AU - Twicken, Joseph D.

AU - Tenenbaum, Peter

AU - Sozzetti, Alessandro

AU - Ségransan, Damien

AU - Schlieder, Joshua E.

AU - Sasselov, Dimitar

AU - Santos, Nuno C.

AU - Rice, Ken

AU - Rackham, Benjamin V.

AU - Poretti, Ennio

AU - Piotto, Giampaolo

AU - Phillips, David

AU - Pepe, Francesco

AU - Molinari, Emilio

AU - Mignon, Lucile

AU - Micela, Giuseppina

AU - Melo, Claudio

AU - Medeiros, José R. de

AU - Mayor, Michel

AU - Matson, Rachel

AU - Fiorenzano, Aldo F. Martinez

AU - Mann, Andrew W.

AU - Magazzú, Antonio

AU - Lovis, Christophe

AU - López-Morales, Mercedes

AU - Lopez, Eric

AU - Lissauer, Jack J.

AU - Lépine, Sébastien

AU - Law, Nicholas

AU - Kielkopf, John F.

AU - Johnson, John A.

AU - Jensen, Eric L. N.

AU - Howell, Steve B.

AU - Gonzales, Erica

AU - Ghedina, Adriano

AU - Forveille, Thierry

AU - Figueira, Pedro

AU - Dumusque, Xavier

AU - Dressing, Courtney D.

AU - Doyon, René

AU - Díaz, Rodrigo F.

AU - Fabrizio, Luca Di

AU - Delfosse, Xavier

AU - Cosentino, Rosario

AU - Conti, Dennis M.

AU - Collins, Kevin I.

AU - Cameron, Andrew Collier

AU - Ciardi, David

AU - Caldwell, Douglas A.

AU - Burke, Christopher

AU - Buchhave, Lars

AU - Briceño, César

AU - Boyd, Patricia

AU - Bouchy, François

AU - Beichman, Charles

AU - Artigau, Étienne

AU - Almenara, Jose M.

N1 - Accepted to AJ. 8 figures, 6 tables. CSV file of the RV measurements (i.e. Table 2) are included in the source code

PY - 2020/6/4

Y1 - 2020/6/4

N2 - We present the confirmation of two new planets transiting the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780 (TIC 36724087, TOI-732, V = 13.07, K s = 8.204, R s = 0.374 R ⊙, M s = 0.401 M ⊙, d = 22 pc). The two planet candidates are identified in a single Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite sector and validated with reconnaissance spectroscopy, ground-based photometric follow-up, and high-resolution imaging. With measured orbital periods of P b = 0.77, P c = 12.25 days and sizes r p,b = 1.33 ± 0.07, r p,c = 2.30 ± 0.16 R ⊕, the two planets span the radius valley in period–radius space around low-mass stars, thus making the system a laboratory to test competing theories of the emergence of the radius valley in that stellar mass regime. By combining 63 precise radial velocity measurements from the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) and HARPS-N, we measure planet masses of ${m}_{p,b}={2.62}_{-0.46}^{+0.48}$ and ${m}_{p,c}={8.6}_{-1.3}^{+1.6}$ M ⊕, which indicates that LTT 3780b has a bulk composition consistent with being Earth-like, while LTT 3780c likely hosts an extended H/He envelope. We show that the recovered planetary masses are consistent with predictions from both photoevaporation and core-powered mass-loss models. The brightness and small size of LTT 3780, along with the measured planetary parameters, render LTT 3780b and c as accessible targets for atmospheric characterization of planets within the same planetary system and spanning the radius valley.

AB - We present the confirmation of two new planets transiting the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780 (TIC 36724087, TOI-732, V = 13.07, K s = 8.204, R s = 0.374 R ⊙, M s = 0.401 M ⊙, d = 22 pc). The two planet candidates are identified in a single Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite sector and validated with reconnaissance spectroscopy, ground-based photometric follow-up, and high-resolution imaging. With measured orbital periods of P b = 0.77, P c = 12.25 days and sizes r p,b = 1.33 ± 0.07, r p,c = 2.30 ± 0.16 R ⊕, the two planets span the radius valley in period–radius space around low-mass stars, thus making the system a laboratory to test competing theories of the emergence of the radius valley in that stellar mass regime. By combining 63 precise radial velocity measurements from the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) and HARPS-N, we measure planet masses of ${m}_{p,b}={2.62}_{-0.46}^{+0.48}$ and ${m}_{p,c}={8.6}_{-1.3}^{+1.6}$ M ⊕, which indicates that LTT 3780b has a bulk composition consistent with being Earth-like, while LTT 3780c likely hosts an extended H/He envelope. We show that the recovered planetary masses are consistent with predictions from both photoevaporation and core-powered mass-loss models. The brightness and small size of LTT 3780, along with the measured planetary parameters, render LTT 3780b and c as accessible targets for atmospheric characterization of planets within the same planetary system and spanning the radius valley.

KW - astro-ph.EP

U2 - 10.3847/1538-3881/ab91c2

DO - 10.3847/1538-3881/ab91c2

M3 - Article

SN - 0004-6256

VL - 160

JO - Astronomical Journal

JF - Astronomical Journal

IS - 1

ER -

A pair of TESS planets spanning the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780

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