Achievement of the Planetary Defense Investigations of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission

NL Chabot; AS Rivkin; AF Cheng; OS Barnouin; EG Fahnestock; DC Richardson; AM Stickle; CA Thomas; CM Ernst; RT Daly; W Dotto; A Zinzi; SR Chesley; NA Moskovitz; BW Barbee; P Abell; HF Agrusa; MT Bannister; J Beccarelli; DL Bekker; MB Syal; BJ Buratti; MW Busch; AC Bagatin; JP Chatelain; S Chocron; GS Collins; L Conversi; TM Davison; ME DeCoster; JDP Deshapriya; S Eggl; RC Espiritu; TL Farnham; M Ferrais; F Ferrari; D Föhring; O Fuentes-Muñoz; I Gai; C Giordano; DA Glenar; E Gomez; DM Graninger; SF Green; S Greenstreet; PH Hasselmann; I Herreros; M Hirabayashi; M Husárik; S Ieva; SL Ivanovski; SL Jackson; E Jehin; M Jutzi; O Karatekin; MM Knight; L Kolokolova; KM Kumamoto; M Küppers; F La Forgia; M Lazzarin; JY Li; TA Lister; R Lolachi; MP Lucas; A Lucchetti; R Luther; R Makadia; EM Epifani; J McMahon; G Merisio; CC Merrill; AJ Meyer; P Michel; M Micheli; A Migliorini; K Minker; D Modenini; F Moreno; N Murdoch; B Murphy; SP Naidu; H Nair; R Nakano; C Opitom; J Örmo; JM Owen; M Pajola; EE Palmer; P Palumbo; P Panicucci; LM Parro; JM Pearl; A Penttilä; D Perna; E Petrescu; P Pravec; SD Raducan; KT Ramesh; R Ridden-Harper; JL Rizos; A Rossi; NX Roth; A Rozek; B Rozitis; EV Ryan; WH Ryan; P Sánchez; T Santana-Ros; DJ Scheeres; P Scheirich; CB Senel; C Snodgrass; S Soldini; D Souami; TS Statler; R Street; TJ Stubbs; JM Sunshine; NJ Tan; G Tancredi; CL Tinsman; P Tortora; F Tusberti; JD Walker; CD Waller; K Wünnemann; M Zannoni; Y Zhang

doi:10.3847/PSJ/ad16e6

Achievement of the Planetary Defense Investigations of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission

NL Chabot^*, AS Rivkin, AF Cheng, OS Barnouin, EG Fahnestock, DC Richardson, AM Stickle, CA Thomas, CM Ernst, RT Daly, W Dotto, A Zinzi, SR Chesley, NA Moskovitz, BW Barbee, P Abell, HF Agrusa, MT Bannister, J Beccarelli, DL BekkerMB Syal, BJ Buratti, MW Busch, AC Bagatin, JP Chatelain, S Chocron, GS Collins, L Conversi, TM Davison, ME DeCoster, JDP Deshapriya, S Eggl, RC Espiritu, TL Farnham, M Ferrais, F Ferrari, D Föhring, O Fuentes-Muñoz, I Gai, C Giordano, DA Glenar, E Gomez, DM Graninger, SF Green, S Greenstreet, PH Hasselmann, I Herreros, M Hirabayashi, M Husárik, S Ieva, SL Ivanovski, SL Jackson, E Jehin, M Jutzi, O Karatekin, MM Knight, L Kolokolova, KM Kumamoto, M Küppers, F La Forgia, M Lazzarin, JY Li, TA Lister, R Lolachi, MP Lucas, A Lucchetti, R Luther, R Makadia, EM Epifani, J McMahon, G Merisio, CC Merrill, AJ Meyer, P Michel, M Micheli, A Migliorini, K Minker, D Modenini, F Moreno, N Murdoch, B Murphy, SP Naidu, H Nair, R Nakano, C Opitom, J Örmo, JM Owen, M Pajola, EE Palmer, P Palumbo, P Panicucci, LM Parro, JM Pearl, A Penttilä, D Perna, E Petrescu, P Pravec, SD Raducan, KT Ramesh, R Ridden-Harper, JL Rizos, A Rossi, NX Roth, A Rozek, B Rozitis, EV Ryan, WH Ryan, P Sánchez, T Santana-Ros, DJ Scheeres, P Scheirich, CB Senel, C Snodgrass, S Soldini, D Souami, TS Statler, R Street, TJ Stubbs, JM Sunshine, NJ Tan, G Tancredi, CL Tinsman, P Tortora, F Tusberti, JD Walker, CD Waller, K Wünnemann, M Zannoni, Y Zhang

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Physics and Astronomy

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission was the first to demonstrate asteroid deflection, and the mission's Level 1 requirements guided its planetary defense investigations. Here, we summarize DART's achievement of those requirements. On 2022 September 26, the DART spacecraft impacted Dimorphos, the secondary member of the Didymos near-Earth asteroid binary system, demonstrating an autonomously navigated kinetic impact into an asteroid with limited prior knowledge for planetary defense. Months of subsequent Earth-based observations showed that the binary orbital period was changed by –33.24 minutes, with two independent analysis methods each reporting a 1σ uncertainty of 1.4 s. Dynamical models determined that the momentum enhancement factor, β, resulting from DART's kinetic impact test is between 2.4 and 4.9, depending on the mass of Dimorphos, which remains the largest source of uncertainty. Over five dozen telescopes across the globe and in space, along with the Light Italian CubeSat for Imaging of Asteroids, have contributed to DART's investigations. These combined investigations have addressed topics related to the ejecta, dynamics, impact event, and properties of both asteroids in the binary system. A year following DART's successful impact into Dimorphos, the mission has achieved its planetary defense requirements, although work to further understand DART's kinetic impact test and the Didymos system will continue. In particular, ESA's Hera mission is planned to perform extensive measurements in 2027 during its rendezvous with the Didymos–Dimorphos system, building on DART to advance our knowledge and continue the ongoing international collaboration for planetary defense.

Original language	English
Article number	49
Pages (from-to)	1-24
Number of pages	24
Journal	Planetary Science Journal
Volume	5
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ad16e6
Publication status	Published - 26 Feb 2024

Access to Document

10.3847/PSJ/ad16e6Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC-BY)

Cite this

Chabot, NL., Rivkin, AS., Cheng, AF., Barnouin, OS., Fahnestock, EG., Richardson, DC., Stickle, AM., Thomas, CA., Ernst, CM., Daly, RT., Dotto, W., Zinzi, A., Chesley, SR., Moskovitz, NA., Barbee, BW., Abell, P., Agrusa, HF., Bannister, MT., Beccarelli, J., ... Zhang, Y. (2024). Achievement of the Planetary Defense Investigations of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission. Planetary Science Journal, 5(2), 1-24. Article 49. https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ad16e6

@article{042fa63341a74cf995fa3e87c093aff9,

title = "Achievement of the Planetary Defense Investigations of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission",

abstract = "NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission was the first to demonstrate asteroid deflection, and the mission's Level 1 requirements guided its planetary defense investigations. Here, we summarize DART's achievement of those requirements. On 2022 September 26, the DART spacecraft impacted Dimorphos, the secondary member of the Didymos near-Earth asteroid binary system, demonstrating an autonomously navigated kinetic impact into an asteroid with limited prior knowledge for planetary defense. Months of subsequent Earth-based observations showed that the binary orbital period was changed by –33.24 minutes, with two independent analysis methods each reporting a 1σ uncertainty of 1.4 s. Dynamical models determined that the momentum enhancement factor, β, resulting from DART's kinetic impact test is between 2.4 and 4.9, depending on the mass of Dimorphos, which remains the largest source of uncertainty. Over five dozen telescopes across the globe and in space, along with the Light Italian CubeSat for Imaging of Asteroids, have contributed to DART's investigations. These combined investigations have addressed topics related to the ejecta, dynamics, impact event, and properties of both asteroids in the binary system. A year following DART's successful impact into Dimorphos, the mission has achieved its planetary defense requirements, although work to further understand DART's kinetic impact test and the Didymos system will continue. In particular, ESA's Hera mission is planned to perform extensive measurements in 2027 during its rendezvous with the Didymos–Dimorphos system, building on DART to advance our knowledge and continue the ongoing international collaboration for planetary defense.",

author = "NL Chabot and AS Rivkin and AF Cheng and OS Barnouin and EG Fahnestock and DC Richardson and AM Stickle and CA Thomas and CM Ernst and RT Daly and W Dotto and A Zinzi and SR Chesley and NA Moskovitz and BW Barbee and P Abell and HF Agrusa and MT Bannister and J Beccarelli and DL Bekker and MB Syal and BJ Buratti and MW Busch and AC Bagatin and JP Chatelain and S Chocron and GS Collins and L Conversi and TM Davison and ME DeCoster and JDP Deshapriya and S Eggl and RC Espiritu and TL Farnham and M Ferrais and F Ferrari and D F{\"o}hring and O Fuentes-Mu{\~n}oz and I Gai and C Giordano and DA Glenar and E Gomez and DM Graninger and SF Green and S Greenstreet and PH Hasselmann and I Herreros and M Hirabayashi and M Hus{\'a}rik and S Ieva and SL Ivanovski and SL Jackson and E Jehin and M Jutzi and O Karatekin and MM Knight and L Kolokolova and KM Kumamoto and M K{\"u}ppers and {La Forgia}, F and M Lazzarin and JY Li and TA Lister and R Lolachi and MP Lucas and A Lucchetti and R Luther and R Makadia and EM Epifani and J McMahon and G Merisio and CC Merrill and AJ Meyer and P Michel and M Micheli and A Migliorini and K Minker and D Modenini and F Moreno and N Murdoch and B Murphy and SP Naidu and H Nair and R Nakano and C Opitom and J {\"O}rmo and JM Owen and M Pajola and EE Palmer and P Palumbo and P Panicucci and LM Parro and JM Pearl and A Penttil{\"a} and D Perna and E Petrescu and P Pravec and SD Raducan and KT Ramesh and R Ridden-Harper and JL Rizos and A Rossi and NX Roth and A Rozek and B Rozitis and EV Ryan and WH Ryan and P S{\'a}nchez and T Santana-Ros and DJ Scheeres and P Scheirich and CB Senel and C Snodgrass and S Soldini and D Souami and TS Statler and R Street and TJ Stubbs and JM Sunshine and NJ Tan and G Tancredi and CL Tinsman and P Tortora and F Tusberti and JD Walker and CD Waller and K W{\"u}nnemann and M Zannoni and Y Zhang",

year = "2024",

month = feb,

day = "26",

doi = "10.3847/PSJ/ad16e6",

language = "English",

volume = "5",

pages = "1--24",

journal = "Planetary Science Journal",

issn = "2632-3338",

publisher = "IOP Science",

number = "2",

}

Chabot, NL, Rivkin, AS, Cheng, AF, Barnouin, OS, Fahnestock, EG, Richardson, DC, Stickle, AM, Thomas, CA, Ernst, CM, Daly, RT, Dotto, W, Zinzi, A, Chesley, SR, Moskovitz, NA, Barbee, BW, Abell, P, Agrusa, HF, Bannister, MT, Beccarelli, J, Bekker, DL, Syal, MB, Buratti, BJ, Busch, MW, Bagatin, AC, Chatelain, JP, Chocron, S, Collins, GS, Conversi, L, Davison, TM, DeCoster, ME, Deshapriya, JDP, Eggl, S, Espiritu, RC, Farnham, TL, Ferrais, M, Ferrari, F, Föhring, D, Fuentes-Muñoz, O, Gai, I, Giordano, C, Glenar, DA, Gomez, E, Graninger, DM, Green, SF, Greenstreet, S, Hasselmann, PH, Herreros, I, Hirabayashi, M, Husárik, M, Ieva, S, Ivanovski, SL, Jackson, SL, Jehin, E, Jutzi, M, Karatekin, O, Knight, MM, Kolokolova, L, Kumamoto, KM, Küppers, M, La Forgia, F, Lazzarin, M, Li, JY, Lister, TA, Lolachi, R, Lucas, MP, Lucchetti, A, Luther, R, Makadia, R, Epifani, EM, McMahon, J, Merisio, G, Merrill, CC, Meyer, AJ, Michel, P, Micheli, M, Migliorini, A, Minker, K, Modenini, D, Moreno, F, Murdoch, N, Murphy, B, Naidu, SP, Nair, H, Nakano, R, Opitom, C, Örmo, J, Owen, JM, Pajola, M, Palmer, EE, Palumbo, P, Panicucci, P, Parro, LM, Pearl, JM, Penttilä, A, Perna, D, Petrescu, E, Pravec, P, Raducan, SD, Ramesh, KT, Ridden-Harper, R, Rizos, JL, Rossi, A, Roth, NX, Rozek, A, Rozitis, B, Ryan, EV, Ryan, WH, Sánchez, P, Santana-Ros, T, Scheeres, DJ, Scheirich, P, Senel, CB, Snodgrass, C, Soldini, S, Souami, D, Statler, TS, Street, R, Stubbs, TJ, Sunshine, JM, Tan, NJ, Tancredi, G, Tinsman, CL, Tortora, P, Tusberti, F, Walker, JD, Waller, CD, Wünnemann, K, Zannoni, M & Zhang, Y 2024, 'Achievement of the Planetary Defense Investigations of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission', Planetary Science Journal, vol. 5, no. 2, 49, pp. 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ad16e6

TY - JOUR

T1 - Achievement of the Planetary Defense Investigations of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission

AU - Chabot, NL

AU - Rivkin, AS

AU - Cheng, AF

AU - Barnouin, OS

AU - Fahnestock, EG

AU - Richardson, DC

AU - Stickle, AM

AU - Thomas, CA

AU - Ernst, CM

AU - Daly, RT

AU - Dotto, W

AU - Zinzi, A

AU - Chesley, SR

AU - Moskovitz, NA

AU - Barbee, BW

AU - Abell, P

AU - Agrusa, HF

AU - Bannister, MT

AU - Beccarelli, J

AU - Bekker, DL

AU - Syal, MB

AU - Buratti, BJ

AU - Busch, MW

AU - Bagatin, AC

AU - Chatelain, JP

AU - Chocron, S

AU - Collins, GS

AU - Conversi, L

AU - Davison, TM

AU - DeCoster, ME

AU - Deshapriya, JDP

AU - Eggl, S

AU - Espiritu, RC

AU - Farnham, TL

AU - Ferrais, M

AU - Ferrari, F

AU - Föhring, D

AU - Fuentes-Muñoz, O

AU - Gai, I

AU - Giordano, C

AU - Glenar, DA

AU - Gomez, E

AU - Graninger, DM

AU - Green, SF

AU - Greenstreet, S

AU - Hasselmann, PH

AU - Herreros, I

AU - Hirabayashi, M

AU - Husárik, M

AU - Ieva, S

AU - Ivanovski, SL

AU - Jackson, SL

AU - Jehin, E

AU - Jutzi, M

AU - Karatekin, O

AU - Knight, MM

AU - Kolokolova, L

AU - Kumamoto, KM

AU - Küppers, M

AU - La Forgia, F

AU - Lazzarin, M

AU - Li, JY

AU - Lister, TA

AU - Lolachi, R

AU - Lucas, MP

AU - Lucchetti, A

AU - Luther, R

AU - Makadia, R

AU - Epifani, EM

AU - McMahon, J

AU - Merisio, G

AU - Merrill, CC

AU - Meyer, AJ

AU - Michel, P

AU - Micheli, M

AU - Migliorini, A

AU - Minker, K

AU - Modenini, D

AU - Moreno, F

AU - Murdoch, N

AU - Murphy, B

AU - Naidu, SP

AU - Nair, H

AU - Nakano, R

AU - Opitom, C

AU - Örmo, J

AU - Owen, JM

AU - Pajola, M

AU - Palmer, EE

AU - Palumbo, P

AU - Panicucci, P

AU - Parro, LM

AU - Pearl, JM

AU - Penttilä, A

AU - Perna, D

AU - Petrescu, E

AU - Pravec, P

AU - Raducan, SD

AU - Ramesh, KT

AU - Ridden-Harper, R

AU - Rizos, JL

AU - Rossi, A

AU - Roth, NX

AU - Rozek, A

AU - Rozitis, B

AU - Ryan, EV

AU - Ryan, WH

AU - Sánchez, P

AU - Santana-Ros, T

AU - Scheeres, DJ

AU - Scheirich, P

AU - Senel, CB

AU - Snodgrass, C

AU - Soldini, S

AU - Souami, D

AU - Statler, TS

AU - Street, R

AU - Stubbs, TJ

AU - Sunshine, JM

AU - Tan, NJ

AU - Tancredi, G

AU - Tinsman, CL

AU - Tortora, P

AU - Tusberti, F

AU - Walker, JD

AU - Waller, CD

AU - Wünnemann, K

AU - Zannoni, M

AU - Zhang, Y

PY - 2024/2/26

Y1 - 2024/2/26

N2 - NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission was the first to demonstrate asteroid deflection, and the mission's Level 1 requirements guided its planetary defense investigations. Here, we summarize DART's achievement of those requirements. On 2022 September 26, the DART spacecraft impacted Dimorphos, the secondary member of the Didymos near-Earth asteroid binary system, demonstrating an autonomously navigated kinetic impact into an asteroid with limited prior knowledge for planetary defense. Months of subsequent Earth-based observations showed that the binary orbital period was changed by –33.24 minutes, with two independent analysis methods each reporting a 1σ uncertainty of 1.4 s. Dynamical models determined that the momentum enhancement factor, β, resulting from DART's kinetic impact test is between 2.4 and 4.9, depending on the mass of Dimorphos, which remains the largest source of uncertainty. Over five dozen telescopes across the globe and in space, along with the Light Italian CubeSat for Imaging of Asteroids, have contributed to DART's investigations. These combined investigations have addressed topics related to the ejecta, dynamics, impact event, and properties of both asteroids in the binary system. A year following DART's successful impact into Dimorphos, the mission has achieved its planetary defense requirements, although work to further understand DART's kinetic impact test and the Didymos system will continue. In particular, ESA's Hera mission is planned to perform extensive measurements in 2027 during its rendezvous with the Didymos–Dimorphos system, building on DART to advance our knowledge and continue the ongoing international collaboration for planetary defense.

AB - NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission was the first to demonstrate asteroid deflection, and the mission's Level 1 requirements guided its planetary defense investigations. Here, we summarize DART's achievement of those requirements. On 2022 September 26, the DART spacecraft impacted Dimorphos, the secondary member of the Didymos near-Earth asteroid binary system, demonstrating an autonomously navigated kinetic impact into an asteroid with limited prior knowledge for planetary defense. Months of subsequent Earth-based observations showed that the binary orbital period was changed by –33.24 minutes, with two independent analysis methods each reporting a 1σ uncertainty of 1.4 s. Dynamical models determined that the momentum enhancement factor, β, resulting from DART's kinetic impact test is between 2.4 and 4.9, depending on the mass of Dimorphos, which remains the largest source of uncertainty. Over five dozen telescopes across the globe and in space, along with the Light Italian CubeSat for Imaging of Asteroids, have contributed to DART's investigations. These combined investigations have addressed topics related to the ejecta, dynamics, impact event, and properties of both asteroids in the binary system. A year following DART's successful impact into Dimorphos, the mission has achieved its planetary defense requirements, although work to further understand DART's kinetic impact test and the Didymos system will continue. In particular, ESA's Hera mission is planned to perform extensive measurements in 2027 during its rendezvous with the Didymos–Dimorphos system, building on DART to advance our knowledge and continue the ongoing international collaboration for planetary defense.

UR - https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=pure_uoe&SrcAuth=WosAPI&KeyUT=WOS:001184995000001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL

U2 - 10.3847/PSJ/ad16e6

DO - 10.3847/PSJ/ad16e6

M3 - Article

SN - 2632-3338

VL - 5

SP - 1

EP - 24

JO - Planetary Science Journal

JF - Planetary Science Journal

IS - 2

M1 - 49

ER -

Achievement of the Planetary Defense Investigations of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission

Abstract

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this