Adaptive evolution of Toll-like receptor 5 in domesticated mammals

Sarah A Smith; Oliver C Jann; David Haig; George C Russell; Dirk Werling; Elizabeth J Glass; Richard D Emes

doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-122

Adaptive evolution of Toll-like receptor 5 in domesticated mammals

Sarah A Smith, Oliver C Jann, David Haig, George C Russell, Dirk Werling, Elizabeth J Glass, Richard D Emes

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have proposed that mammalian toll like receptors (TLRs) have evolved under diversifying selection due to their role in pathogen detection. To determine if this is the case, we examined the extent of adaptive evolution in the TLR5 gene in both individual species and defined clades of the mammalia. RESULTS: In support of previous studies, we find evidence of adaptive evolution of mammalian TLR5. However, we also show that TLR5 genes of domestic livestock have a concentration of single nucleotide polymorphisms suggesting a specific signature of adaptation. Using codon models of evolution we have identified a concentration of rapidly evolving codons within the TLR5 extracellular domain a site of interaction between host and the bacterial surface protein flagellin. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that interactions between pathogen and host may be driving adaptive change in TLR5 by competition between species. In support of this, we have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in sheep and cattle TLR5 genes that are co-localised and co-incident with the predicted adaptive codons suggesting that adaptation in this region of the TLR5 gene is on-going in domestic species.

Original language	English
Article number	122
Journal	BMC Evolutionary Biology
Volume	12
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-12-122
Publication status	Published - 2012

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10.1186/1471-2148-12-122

Adaptive evolution of Toll-like receptor 5 in domesticated mammals
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http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/12/122/abstract

Innate immunity and endemic diseases in livestock species
Collie, D. (Principal Investigator), Beard, P. (Co-investigator), Bishop, S. (Co-investigator), Bronsvoort, M. (Co-investigator), Burt, D. (Co-investigator), Fitzgerald, R. (Co-investigator), Freeman, T. (Co-investigator), Gally, D. (Co-investigator), Gill, A. (Co-investigator), Glass, E. (Co-investigator), Hocking, P. (Co-investigator), Hope, J. (Co-investigator), Hume, D. (Co-investigator), Kaiser, P. (Co-investigator), Mabbott, N. (Co-investigator), McLachlan, G. (Co-investigator), Morrison, L. (Co-investigator), Stevens, J. (Co-investigator), Stevens, M. (Co-investigator) & Watson, M. (Co-investigator)
BBSRC
1/04/12 → 31/03/17
Project: Research
Ark Genomics
Watson, M. (Principal Investigator), Archibald, A. (Co-investigator) & Burt, D. (Co-investigator)
BBSRC
1/04/12 → 31/03/17
Project: Research
Toll-like receptors and dendritic cell genetic heterogeneity
Glass, E. (Principal Investigator)
BBSRC
1/05/08 → 31/07/10
Project: Research

Cite this

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title = "Adaptive evolution of Toll-like receptor 5 in domesticated mammals",

abstract = "ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have proposed that mammalian toll like receptors (TLRs) have evolved under diversifying selection due to their role in pathogen detection. To determine if this is the case, we examined the extent of adaptive evolution in the TLR5 gene in both individual species and defined clades of the mammalia. RESULTS: In support of previous studies, we find evidence of adaptive evolution of mammalian TLR5. However, we also show that TLR5 genes of domestic livestock have a concentration of single nucleotide polymorphisms suggesting a specific signature of adaptation. Using codon models of evolution we have identified a concentration of rapidly evolving codons within the TLR5 extracellular domain a site of interaction between host and the bacterial surface protein flagellin. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that interactions between pathogen and host may be driving adaptive change in TLR5 by competition between species. In support of this, we have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in sheep and cattle TLR5 genes that are co-localised and co-incident with the predicted adaptive codons suggesting that adaptation in this region of the TLR5 gene is on-going in domestic species.",

author = "Smith, {Sarah A} and Jann, {Oliver C} and David Haig and Russell, {George C} and Dirk Werling and Glass, {Elizabeth J} and Emes, {Richard D}",

year = "2012",

doi = "10.1186/1471-2148-12-122",

language = "English",

volume = "12",

journal = "BMC Evolutionary Biology",

publisher = "BioMed Central",

number = "1",

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T1 - Adaptive evolution of Toll-like receptor 5 in domesticated mammals

AU - Smith, Sarah A

AU - Jann, Oliver C

AU - Haig, David

AU - Russell, George C

AU - Werling, Dirk

AU - Glass, Elizabeth J

AU - Emes, Richard D

PY - 2012

Y1 - 2012

N2 - ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have proposed that mammalian toll like receptors (TLRs) have evolved under diversifying selection due to their role in pathogen detection. To determine if this is the case, we examined the extent of adaptive evolution in the TLR5 gene in both individual species and defined clades of the mammalia. RESULTS: In support of previous studies, we find evidence of adaptive evolution of mammalian TLR5. However, we also show that TLR5 genes of domestic livestock have a concentration of single nucleotide polymorphisms suggesting a specific signature of adaptation. Using codon models of evolution we have identified a concentration of rapidly evolving codons within the TLR5 extracellular domain a site of interaction between host and the bacterial surface protein flagellin. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that interactions between pathogen and host may be driving adaptive change in TLR5 by competition between species. In support of this, we have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in sheep and cattle TLR5 genes that are co-localised and co-incident with the predicted adaptive codons suggesting that adaptation in this region of the TLR5 gene is on-going in domestic species.

AB - ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have proposed that mammalian toll like receptors (TLRs) have evolved under diversifying selection due to their role in pathogen detection. To determine if this is the case, we examined the extent of adaptive evolution in the TLR5 gene in both individual species and defined clades of the mammalia. RESULTS: In support of previous studies, we find evidence of adaptive evolution of mammalian TLR5. However, we also show that TLR5 genes of domestic livestock have a concentration of single nucleotide polymorphisms suggesting a specific signature of adaptation. Using codon models of evolution we have identified a concentration of rapidly evolving codons within the TLR5 extracellular domain a site of interaction between host and the bacterial surface protein flagellin. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that interactions between pathogen and host may be driving adaptive change in TLR5 by competition between species. In support of this, we have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in sheep and cattle TLR5 genes that are co-localised and co-incident with the predicted adaptive codons suggesting that adaptation in this region of the TLR5 gene is on-going in domestic species.

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VL - 12

JO - BMC Evolutionary Biology

JF - BMC Evolutionary Biology

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Adaptive evolution of Toll-like receptor 5 in domesticated mammals

Abstract

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Projects

Innate immunity and endemic diseases in livestock species

Ark Genomics

Toll-like receptors and dendritic cell genetic heterogeneity

Cite this