Additive manufacturing of polyaniline electrodes for electrochemical applications

Ignacio Tudela; Valentin Menzel

Abstract / Description of output

Due to its attractive properties, such as a high tuneable conductivity, pseudocapacitance, biocompatibility and chemical stability [1], polyaniline (PANI) has attracted significant research interest. PANI has been successfully incorporated in various composites for electrochemical applications (e.g. supercapactior [3] or sensor applications [3]), however its processability is still very limited and benefits from novel manufacturing techniques like additive manufacturing (AM) cannot fully be accessed yet [4]. Recently developed AM techniques [5] have opened up new possibilities for the application of PANI in AM. In this work, a novel AM process based on the thermal doping of the emeraldine form of PANI, PANI-EB, with dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) is presented, which enables the fabrication of complex electrode geometries with conductivities up to 20 000 mS/cm [6]. For this, a commercially available Prusa i3 MK3S+ was modified with a custom made syringe extrusion system to enable the extrusion of a viscous PANI-EB/DBSA paste. In this study, the influence of the various printing parameters, such as hotbed temperature and treatment times, was characterised and the printed electrodes were analysed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy – attenuated total reflection, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The printed electrodes were used in a proof-of-concept fabrication of a fully 3D printed symmetric interdigitated electrochemical capacitor to demonstrate the easy and straightforward integration of the printed electrodes in electrochemical prototypes.

[1] Baker, C. O., Huang, X., Nelson, W., Kaner, R. B., Chem Soc Rev 46 2581 (2001).

[2] Shen, Y., Qin, Z., Li, T., Zeng, F., Chen, Y., Liu, N., Electrochimica Acta 356 136841 (2020).

[3] Bao, Q., Yang, Z., Song, Y., Fan, M., Pan, P., Liu, J., Liao, Z., Wei, J., J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 30 1751 (2018).

[4] Menzel, V. C. and Tudela, I., Curr. Opin. Chem. Eng. 35 100742 (2022).

[5] Holness, F., Price, A. D., Smart Mater. Struct. 1 015006 (2018).

[6] Menzel, V. C., Yi, X., Bößl, F., Kirk, C., Robertson N, Tudela, I., Addit. Manuf. 54 102710 (2022)

Original language	English
Publication status	Unpublished - May 2022
Event	SCI Electrochemistry Postgraduate Conference 2022 - Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom Duration: 25 May 2022 → … https://www.soci.org/events/electrochemical-technology-group/2022/sci-electrochemistry-postgraduate-conference-2022

Conference

Conference	SCI Electrochemistry Postgraduate Conference 2022
Abbreviated title	SCI-EPC
Country/Territory	United Kingdom
City	Loughborough
Period	25/05/22 → …
Internet address	https://www.soci.org/events/electrochemical-technology-group/2022/sci-electrochemistry-postgraduate-conference-2022

2 Abstract
1 Article
1 Review article

Additive manufacturing of polyaniline electrodes for electrochemical applications
Menzel, V. C., Yi, X., Bößl, F., Kirk, C., Robertson, N. & Tudela, I., Jun 2022, In: Additive Manufacturing. 54, 102710.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Open Access
Additive manufacturing of polyaniline-based materials: an opportunity for new designs and applications in energy and biotechnology
Menzel, V. C. & Tudela, I., Mar 2022, In: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering. 35, 100742.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review
Additive Manufacturing of Polyaniline Electrodes
Menzel, V. C. & Tudela, I., 19 Oct 2021.
Research output: Contribution to conference › Abstract › peer-review

Best oral presentation
Menzel, Valentin (Recipient) & Tudela-Montes, Nacho (Recipient), 2022
Prize: Prize (including medals and awards)

Cite this

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title = "Additive manufacturing of polyaniline electrodes for electrochemical applications",

abstract = "Due to its attractive properties, such as a high tuneable conductivity, pseudocapacitance, biocompatibility and chemical stability [1], polyaniline (PANI) has attracted significant research interest. PANI has been successfully incorporated in various composites for electrochemical applications (e.g. supercapactior [3] or sensor applications [3]), however its processability is still very limited and benefits from novel manufacturing techniques like additive manufacturing (AM) cannot fully be accessed yet [4]. Recently developed AM techniques [5] have opened up new possibilities for the application of PANI in AM. In this work, a novel AM process based on the thermal doping of the emeraldine form of PANI, PANI-EB, with dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) is presented, which enables the fabrication of complex electrode geometries with conductivities up to 20 000 mS/cm [6]. For this, a commercially available Prusa i3 MK3S+ was modified with a custom made syringe extrusion system to enable the extrusion of a viscous PANI-EB/DBSA paste. In this study, the influence of the various printing parameters, such as hotbed temperature and treatment times, was characterised and the printed electrodes were analysed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy – attenuated total reflection, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The printed electrodes were used in a proof-of-concept fabrication of a fully 3D printed symmetric interdigitated electrochemical capacitor to demonstrate the easy and straightforward integration of the printed electrodes in electrochemical prototypes.[1] Baker, C. O., Huang, X., Nelson, W., Kaner, R. B., Chem Soc Rev 46 2581 (2001).[2] Shen, Y., Qin, Z., Li, T., Zeng, F., Chen, Y., Liu, N., Electrochimica Acta 356 136841 (2020).[3] Bao, Q., Yang, Z., Song, Y., Fan, M., Pan, P., Liu, J., Liao, Z., Wei, J., J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 30 1751 (2018).[4] Menzel, V. C. and Tudela, I., Curr. Opin. Chem. Eng. 35 100742 (2022).[5] Holness, F., Price, A. D., Smart Mater. Struct. 1 015006 (2018).[6] Menzel, V. C., Yi, X., B{\"o}{\ss}l, F., Kirk, C., Robertson N, Tudela, I., Addit. Manuf. 54 102710 (2022)",

author = "Ignacio Tudela and Valentin Menzel",

year = "2022",

month = may,

language = "English",

note = "SCI Electrochemistry Postgraduate Conference 2022, SCI-EPC ; Conference date: 25-05-2022",

url = "https://www.soci.org/events/electrochemical-technology-group/2022/sci-electrochemistry-postgraduate-conference-2022",

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TY - CONF

T1 - Additive manufacturing of polyaniline electrodes for electrochemical applications

AU - Tudela, Ignacio

AU - Menzel, Valentin

PY - 2022/5

Y1 - 2022/5

N2 - Due to its attractive properties, such as a high tuneable conductivity, pseudocapacitance, biocompatibility and chemical stability [1], polyaniline (PANI) has attracted significant research interest. PANI has been successfully incorporated in various composites for electrochemical applications (e.g. supercapactior [3] or sensor applications [3]), however its processability is still very limited and benefits from novel manufacturing techniques like additive manufacturing (AM) cannot fully be accessed yet [4]. Recently developed AM techniques [5] have opened up new possibilities for the application of PANI in AM. In this work, a novel AM process based on the thermal doping of the emeraldine form of PANI, PANI-EB, with dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) is presented, which enables the fabrication of complex electrode geometries with conductivities up to 20 000 mS/cm [6]. For this, a commercially available Prusa i3 MK3S+ was modified with a custom made syringe extrusion system to enable the extrusion of a viscous PANI-EB/DBSA paste. In this study, the influence of the various printing parameters, such as hotbed temperature and treatment times, was characterised and the printed electrodes were analysed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy – attenuated total reflection, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The printed electrodes were used in a proof-of-concept fabrication of a fully 3D printed symmetric interdigitated electrochemical capacitor to demonstrate the easy and straightforward integration of the printed electrodes in electrochemical prototypes.[1] Baker, C. O., Huang, X., Nelson, W., Kaner, R. B., Chem Soc Rev 46 2581 (2001).[2] Shen, Y., Qin, Z., Li, T., Zeng, F., Chen, Y., Liu, N., Electrochimica Acta 356 136841 (2020).[3] Bao, Q., Yang, Z., Song, Y., Fan, M., Pan, P., Liu, J., Liao, Z., Wei, J., J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 30 1751 (2018).[4] Menzel, V. C. and Tudela, I., Curr. Opin. Chem. Eng. 35 100742 (2022).[5] Holness, F., Price, A. D., Smart Mater. Struct. 1 015006 (2018).[6] Menzel, V. C., Yi, X., Bößl, F., Kirk, C., Robertson N, Tudela, I., Addit. Manuf. 54 102710 (2022)

AB - Due to its attractive properties, such as a high tuneable conductivity, pseudocapacitance, biocompatibility and chemical stability [1], polyaniline (PANI) has attracted significant research interest. PANI has been successfully incorporated in various composites for electrochemical applications (e.g. supercapactior [3] or sensor applications [3]), however its processability is still very limited and benefits from novel manufacturing techniques like additive manufacturing (AM) cannot fully be accessed yet [4]. Recently developed AM techniques [5] have opened up new possibilities for the application of PANI in AM. In this work, a novel AM process based on the thermal doping of the emeraldine form of PANI, PANI-EB, with dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) is presented, which enables the fabrication of complex electrode geometries with conductivities up to 20 000 mS/cm [6]. For this, a commercially available Prusa i3 MK3S+ was modified with a custom made syringe extrusion system to enable the extrusion of a viscous PANI-EB/DBSA paste. In this study, the influence of the various printing parameters, such as hotbed temperature and treatment times, was characterised and the printed electrodes were analysed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy – attenuated total reflection, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The printed electrodes were used in a proof-of-concept fabrication of a fully 3D printed symmetric interdigitated electrochemical capacitor to demonstrate the easy and straightforward integration of the printed electrodes in electrochemical prototypes.[1] Baker, C. O., Huang, X., Nelson, W., Kaner, R. B., Chem Soc Rev 46 2581 (2001).[2] Shen, Y., Qin, Z., Li, T., Zeng, F., Chen, Y., Liu, N., Electrochimica Acta 356 136841 (2020).[3] Bao, Q., Yang, Z., Song, Y., Fan, M., Pan, P., Liu, J., Liao, Z., Wei, J., J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 30 1751 (2018).[4] Menzel, V. C. and Tudela, I., Curr. Opin. Chem. Eng. 35 100742 (2022).[5] Holness, F., Price, A. D., Smart Mater. Struct. 1 015006 (2018).[6] Menzel, V. C., Yi, X., Bößl, F., Kirk, C., Robertson N, Tudela, I., Addit. Manuf. 54 102710 (2022)

M3 - Abstract

T2 - SCI Electrochemistry Postgraduate Conference 2022

Y2 - 25 May 2022

ER -

Additive manufacturing of polyaniline electrodes for electrochemical applications

Abstract / Description of output

Conference

Fingerprint

Research output

Additive manufacturing of polyaniline electrodes for electrochemical applications

Additive manufacturing of polyaniline-based materials: an opportunity for new designs and applications in energy and biotechnology

Additive Manufacturing of Polyaniline Electrodes

Prizes

Best oral presentation

Cite this