An Easter egg in the Charter of fundamental rights: The European Union and the rising right to pluralism

Article 11 of the European Charter of Fundamental Rights contains an ambiguous reference to the value of pluralism. Such an unusual acknowledgment in a 'bill of rights' is likely to clear the way for a judicial enforcement of a 'right to pluralism' in the near future, as the European Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights already show signs of an evolutionary trend in this direction. The frictions between this judicial trend and the recent EU communication policies aimed at building up a European identity and public sphere might cause conflicting rationales and aims to clash.