@article{cff9343c8ccf45f28569c1a5633aca00,
title = "An ependymal cell census identifies heterogeneous and ongoing cell maturation in the adult mouse spinal cord that changes dynamically on injury",
abstract = "The adult spinal cord stem cell potential resides within the ependymal cell population and declines with age. Ependymal cells are, however, heterogeneous, and the biological diversity this represents and how it changes with age remain unknown. Here, we present a single-cell transcriptomic census of spinal cord ependymal cells from adult and aged mice, identifying not only all known ependymal cell subtypes but also immature as well as mature cell states. By comparing transcriptomes of spinal cord and brain ependymal cells, which lack stem cell abilities, we identify immature cells as potential spinal cord stem cells. Following spinal cord injury, these cells re-enter the cell cycle, which is accompanied by a short-lived reversal of ependymal cell maturation. We further analyze ependymal cells in the human spinal cord and identify widespread cell maturation and altered cell identities. This in-depth characterization of spinal cord ependymal cells provides insight into their biology and informs strategies for spinal cord repair.",
author = "{Rodrigo Albors}, Aida and Singer, {Gail A.} and Enric Llorens-Bobadilla and Jonas Fris{\'e}n and May, {Andrew P.} and Ponting, {Chris P} and Storey, {Kate G.}",
note = "Funding Information: Human spinal cord samples were obtained from The Netherlands Brain Bank (NBB), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam ( https://www.brainbank.nl/ ). All material has been collected from donors for or from whom a written informed consent for a brain autopsy and the use of the material and clinical information for research purposes had been obtained by the NBB. An overview of the clinical information and post-mortem variables of donors in this study can be found in Table S6 . Human embryonic tissue (CS18) was obtained from the MRC/Wellcome Trust (grant no. 006237/1) funded Human Developmental Biology Resource (HDBR; www.hdbr.org ) with appropriate maternal written consent and approval from the London Fulham Research Ethics Committee (18/LO/0822) and the Newcastle and North Tyneside NHS Health Authority Joint Ethics Committee (08/H0906/21+5). HDBR is regulated by the UK Human Tissue Authority (HTA; www.hta.gov.uk ) and operates in accordance with the relevant HTA codes of practice. This work was part of project no. 200407 registered with the HDBR. Funding Information: We are grateful to Elly Tanaka for the critical reading of this manuscript. We are also grateful to Rosie Clarke and Arlene Rennie from the Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Facility at the University of Dundee for their expert FACS assistance; the WBRUTG team for technical assistance; Paul Appleton and the Dundee Imaging Facility for microscopy assistance; Edinburgh Genomics for sequencing during the COVID-19 pandemic; Jeanette Baran-Gale for very helpful and stimulating discussions on scRNA-seq data analysis; Franz Gruber for their help with all-things R and setting up the interactive web browser to explore scRNA-seq datasets; and Geoff Barton for lending A.R.A. a desk in Computational Biology. We gratefully acknowledge the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub for support and for sequencing, Foad Green, Steven Chen, Ashley Maynard, Rene Sit, Norma Neff, Spyros Darmanis, and members of the Tabula Muris Consortium for technical assistance. This project was supported by the Wellcome Trust (Wellcome Investigator award WT102817AIA to K.G.S.) and a Wings for Life grant ( WFL-UK-24/17 Proj 171) to K.G.S. This project and A.R.A. were also supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Marie Sk{\l}odowska-Curie grant agreement no. 753812 . A.R.A. was also supported by the Wellcome ISSF COVID-19 Research Momentum fund ( 119293 ) and the University of Dundee . G.A.S. was supported by Wings for Life . C.P.P. was supported by the MRC ( MC_UU_00007/15 ). A.P.M. was supported by the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub . E.L.-B. and J.F. were supported by the Swedish Research Council , Knut and Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse , and the Swedish Cancer Foundation . The confocal microscope used for imaging was purchased with support from Wellcome Trust Multi-User Equipment grant ( WT101468 ). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Author(s)",
year = "2023",
month = jan,
day = "19",
doi = "10.1016/j.devcel.2023.01.003",
language = "English",
volume = "58",
pages = "239--255.e10",
journal = "Developmental Cell",
issn = "1534-5807",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "3",
}