TY - JOUR
T1 - An hypothesis on crustacean pigmentation metabolism
T2 - L-carnitine and nuclear hormone receptors as limiting factors
AU - Ghonimy, Abdallah
AU - López Greco, Laura S.
AU - Li, Jian
AU - Wade, Nicholas M.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2019YFD0900403), the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-48), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31873039), the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS (Nos 2021XT0601, 2020TD46), and Post-doctoral Innovation and Entrepreneurship project, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China (2021). We wish to thank the reviewer and the Editor for the comments and suggestions to improve the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Abdallah Ghonimy et al.. Published with license by Koninklijke Brill NV.
PY - 2023/10/27
Y1 - 2023/10/27
N2 - Astaxanthin (Axn) is the primary pigment molecule in crustaceans associated with quality, health and growth traits, leading to increased marketing value. Axn can be contained within the protein complex crustacyanin (CRCN) to produce an array of different shell colours, or esterified with fatty acids (FA) for storage but also contributing additional red colouration. l-Carnitine (LC) has a major role in FA oxidation and mitochondrial function optimization, which could influence the proportion of Axn complexed with FA or CRCN. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) have important roles in FA and Axn uptake, and stored lipid oxidation affecting Axn homeostasis and storage in lipid bodies. Whether Axn could increase PPAR signalling and carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity, leading to induction of lipid metabolism, is not known in crustaceans. Several FA have been shown to preferentially form FA Axn-esters, including saturated fatty acids (SFA) such as C16:0 and C18:0, mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) such as C16:1 and C18:1, and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as C20:4, C20:5, and C20:6. We hypothesize that manipulating the dietary ratios and inclusion of LC, Axn, and specific FA may be able to further improve pigment utilization, lipid metabolism, health, and growth in crustaceans.
AB - Astaxanthin (Axn) is the primary pigment molecule in crustaceans associated with quality, health and growth traits, leading to increased marketing value. Axn can be contained within the protein complex crustacyanin (CRCN) to produce an array of different shell colours, or esterified with fatty acids (FA) for storage but also contributing additional red colouration. l-Carnitine (LC) has a major role in FA oxidation and mitochondrial function optimization, which could influence the proportion of Axn complexed with FA or CRCN. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) have important roles in FA and Axn uptake, and stored lipid oxidation affecting Axn homeostasis and storage in lipid bodies. Whether Axn could increase PPAR signalling and carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity, leading to induction of lipid metabolism, is not known in crustaceans. Several FA have been shown to preferentially form FA Axn-esters, including saturated fatty acids (SFA) such as C16:0 and C18:0, mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) such as C16:1 and C18:1, and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as C20:4, C20:5, and C20:6. We hypothesize that manipulating the dietary ratios and inclusion of LC, Axn, and specific FA may be able to further improve pigment utilization, lipid metabolism, health, and growth in crustaceans.
KW - Astaxanthin
KW - astaxanthin ester
KW - carnitine
KW - crustacyanin
KW - long chain fatty acid
KW - PPAR
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85179736745&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1163/15685403-bja10331
DO - 10.1163/15685403-bja10331
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85179736745
SN - 0011-216X
VL - 96
SP - 939
EP - 956
JO - Crustaceana
JF - Crustaceana
IS - 10
ER -