@article{01f8cd8af0c4426c97cfabfdfac2a6c8,
title = "Application of the fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction in clinical practice",
abstract = "Purpose: The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (MI) has highlighted the different pathophysiological mechanisms that may lead to ischaemic and non-ischaemic myocardial injury and has emphasised that the diagnosis of myocardial infarction requires the presence of acute myocardial ischaemia in the setting of acute myocardial injury. This case based review intends to illustrate basic principles on how to apply this new, revised definition in clinical practice. Methods and Results: The distinction between different types of MIs (type 1 or type 2) and the delineation of MI from acute non-ischaemic myocardial injury may be challenging in individual patients, which is illustrated by presenting and discussing real-life routine cases. Conclusions: Type 1 MI is a consequence of coronary plaque rupture or erosion with intracoronary thrombus formation that is usually apparent on coronary angiography. Plausible triggering mechanisms causing myocardial oxygen supply/demand mismatch must be identified for the diagnosis of type 2 MI and its treatment should focus initially on management of the underlying disease attributable to acute myocardial ischaemia.",
keywords = "cardiac troponin I, cardiac troponin T, diagnosis, Myocardial infarction, myocardial injury, universal definition",
author = "Johannes Mair and Louise Cullen and Evangelos Giannitsis and Ola Hammarsten and Kurt Huber and Allan Jaffe and Nicholas Mills and Martin M{\"o}ckel and Christian M{\"u}ller and Kristian Thygesen and Bertil Lindahl",
note = "Funding Information: EG, KH, OH, BL,JM, MM, KT have no conflicts of interests in relation to the content of this manuscript; ASJ has or presently consults for most of the major diagnostic companies; NLM reports research grants awarded to the University of Edinburgh from Abbott Diagnostics and Siemens Healthineers, and honoraria from Abbott Diagnostics, Siemens Healthineers, Roche Diagnostics and Singulex. Dr. Mueller has received research support from the Swiss National Science Foundation, the Swiss Heart Foundation, the KTI, the European Union, the University of Basel, the University Hospital Basel, the Stiftung f{\"u}r kardiovaskul{\"a}re Forschung Basel; Abbott, Beckman Coulter, Idorsia, Ortho Cinical Diagnostics, Quidel, Roche, Siemens, Singulex, Sphingotec, as well as speaker honoraria/consulting honoraria from Acon, Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Idorsia, Novartis, Osler, Roche, and Sanofi outside of the submitted work. LC reports research grants awarded to the Royal Brisbane and Women{\textquoteright}s hospital from Abbott Diagnostics and Beckman Coulter, and honoraria from Abbott Diagnostics and Siemens Healthineers. Funding Information: NLM is supported by the British Heart Foundation through the award of the Butler Senior Clinical Research Fellowship [FS/16/14/32023]. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020, {\textcopyright} 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.",
year = "2020",
month = may,
day = "18",
doi = "10.1080/1354750X.2020.1764108",
language = "English",
volume = "25",
pages = "322--330",
journal = "Biomarkers",
issn = "1354-750X",
publisher = "Informa Healthcare",
number = "4",
}