TY - JOUR
T1 - Canine olfactory detection of SARS-CoV-2-infected humans-a systematic review
AU - Meller, Sebastian
AU - Caraguel, Charles
AU - Twele, Friederike
AU - Charalambous, Marios
AU - Schoneberg, Clara
AU - Chaber, Anne-Lise
AU - Desquilbet, Loïc
AU - Grandjean, Dominique
AU - Mardones, Fernando O
AU - Kreienbrock, Lothar
AU - de la Rocque, Stéphane
AU - Volk, Holger A
N1 - Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2023/9
Y1 - 2023/9
N2 - PURPOSE: To complement conventional testing methods for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 infections, dogs' olfactory capability for true real-time detection has been investigated worldwide. Diseases produce specific scents in affected individuals via volatile organic compounds. This systematic review evaluates the current evidence for canine olfaction as a reliable coronavirus disease 2019 screening tool.METHODS: Two independent study quality assessment tools were used: the QUADAS-2 tool for the evaluation of laboratory tests' diagnostic accuracy, designed for systematic reviews, and a general evaluation tool for canine detection studies, adapted to medical detection. Various study design, sample, dog, and olfactory training features were considered as potential confounding factors.RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies from 15 countries were evaluated. Respectively, four and six studies had a low risk of bias and high quality: the four QUADAS-2 nonbiased studies resulted in ranges of 81%-97% sensitivity and 91%-100% specificity. The six high-quality studies, according to the general evaluation system, revealed ranges of 82%-97% sensitivity and 83%-100% specificity. The other studies contained high bias risks and applicability and/or quality concerns.CONCLUSIONS: Standardization and certification procedures as used for canine explosives detection are needed for medical detection dogs for the optimal and structured usage of their undoubtful potential.
AB - PURPOSE: To complement conventional testing methods for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 infections, dogs' olfactory capability for true real-time detection has been investigated worldwide. Diseases produce specific scents in affected individuals via volatile organic compounds. This systematic review evaluates the current evidence for canine olfaction as a reliable coronavirus disease 2019 screening tool.METHODS: Two independent study quality assessment tools were used: the QUADAS-2 tool for the evaluation of laboratory tests' diagnostic accuracy, designed for systematic reviews, and a general evaluation tool for canine detection studies, adapted to medical detection. Various study design, sample, dog, and olfactory training features were considered as potential confounding factors.RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies from 15 countries were evaluated. Respectively, four and six studies had a low risk of bias and high quality: the four QUADAS-2 nonbiased studies resulted in ranges of 81%-97% sensitivity and 91%-100% specificity. The six high-quality studies, according to the general evaluation system, revealed ranges of 82%-97% sensitivity and 83%-100% specificity. The other studies contained high bias risks and applicability and/or quality concerns.CONCLUSIONS: Standardization and certification procedures as used for canine explosives detection are needed for medical detection dogs for the optimal and structured usage of their undoubtful potential.
KW - Animals
KW - Dogs
KW - Humans
KW - COVID-19/diagnosis
KW - SARS-CoV-2
KW - Sensitivity and Specificity
KW - Smell
KW - Systematic Reviews as Topic
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85165160323
U2 - 10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.05.002
DO - 10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.05.002
M3 - Review article
C2 - 37209927
SN - 1047-2797
VL - 85
SP - 68
EP - 85
JO - Annals of Epidemiology
JF - Annals of Epidemiology
ER -