Captive-bred Atlantic salmon released into the wild have fewer offspring than wild-bred fish and decrease population productivity

Ronan James O'Sullivan, Tutku Aykanat, Susan E. Johnston, Ger Rogan, Russell Poole, Paulo A. Prodöhl, Elvira de Eyto, Craig R. Primmer, Philip McGinnity, Thomas Eric Reed

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract / Description of output

The release of captive-bred animals into the wild is commonly practised to restore or supplement wild populations but comes with a suite of ecological and genetic consequences. Vast numbers of hatchery-reared fish are released annually, ostensibly to restore/enhance wild populations or provide greater angling returns. While previous studies have shown that captive-bred fish perform poorly in the wild relative to wild-bred conspecifics, few have measured individual lifetime reproductive success (LRS) and how this affects population productivity. Here, we analyse data on Atlantic salmon from an intensely studied catchment into which varying numbers of captive-bred fish have escaped/been released and potentially bred over several decades. Using a molecular pedigree, we demonstrate that, on average, the LRS of captive-bred individuals was only 36% that of wild-bred individuals. A significant LRS difference remained after excluding individuals that left no surviving offspring, some of which might have simply failed to spawn, consistent with transgenerational effects on offspring survival. The annual productivity of the mixed population (wild-bred plus captive-bred) was lower in years where captive-bred fish comprised a greater fraction of potential spawners. These results bolster previous empirical and theoretical findings that intentional stocking, or non-intentional escapees, threaten, rather than enhance, recipient natural populations.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)20201671
Number of pages1
JournalProceedings. Biological sciences
Volume287
Issue number1937
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 28 Oct 2020

Keywords / Materials (for Non-textual outputs)

  • Atlantic salmon
  • captive breeding
  • lifetime reproductive success
  • stocking

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