Classification of major depressive disorder using vertex-wise brain sulcal depth, curvature, and thickness with a deep and a shallow learning model

Roberto Goya-Maldonado; Tracy Erwin-Grabner; Ling-Li Zeng; Christopher R. K. Ching; Andre Aleman; Alyssa R. Amod; Zeynep Basgoze; Francesco Benedetti; Bianca Besteher; Katharina Brosch; Robin Bülow; Romain Colle; Colm G. Connolly; Emmanuelle Corruble; Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne; Kathryn Cullen; Udo Dannlowski; Christopher G. Davey; Annemiek Dols; Jan Ernsting; Jennifer W. Evans; Lukas Fisch; Paola Fuentes-Claramonte; Ali Saffet Gonul; Ian H. Gotlib; Hans J. Grabe; Nynke A. Groenewold; Dominik Grotegerd; Tim Hahn; J. Paul Hamilton; Laura K. M. Han; Ben J. Harrison; Tiffany C. Ho; Neda Jahanshad; Alec J. Jamieson; Andriana Karuk; Tilo Kircher; Bonnie Klimes-Dougan; Sheri-Michelle Koopowitz; Thomas Lancaster; Ramona Leenings; Meng Li; David E. J. Linden; Frank P. MacMaster; David M. A. Mehler; Susanne Meinert; Elisa Melloni; Bryon A. Mueller; Benson Mwangi; Igor Nenadić; Amar Ojha; Yasumasa Okamoto; Mardien L. Oudega; Brenda W. J. H. Penninx; Sara Poletti; Edith Pomarol-Clotet; Maria J. Portella; Joaquim Radua; Elena Rodríguez-Cano; Matthew D. Sacchet; Raymond Salvador; Anouk Schrantee; Kang Sim; Jair C. Soares; Aleix Solanes; Dan J. Stein; Frederike Stein; Aleks Stolicyn; Sophia I. Thomopoulos; Yara J. Toenders; Aslihan Uyar-Demir; Eduard Vieta; Yolanda Vives-Gilabert; Henry Völzke; Martin Walter; Heather C. Whalley; Sarah Whittle; Nils Winter; Katharina Wittfeld; Margaret J. Wright; Mon-Ju Wu; Tony T. Yang; Carlos Zarate; Dick J. Veltman; Lianne Schmaal; Paul M. Thompson; for the ENIGMA-Major Depressive Disorder Working Group

doi:10.1038/s41380-025-03273-w

Classification of major depressive disorder using vertex-wise brain sulcal depth, curvature, and thickness with a deep and a shallow learning model

Roberto Goya-Maldonado^*, Tracy Erwin-Grabner, Ling-Li Zeng, Christopher R. K. Ching, Andre Aleman, Alyssa R. Amod, Zeynep Basgoze, Francesco Benedetti, Bianca Besteher, Katharina Brosch, Robin Bülow, Romain Colle, Colm G. Connolly, Emmanuelle Corruble, Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne, Kathryn Cullen, Udo Dannlowski, Christopher G. Davey, Annemiek Dols, Jan ErnstingJennifer W. Evans, Lukas Fisch, Paola Fuentes-Claramonte, Ali Saffet Gonul, Ian H. Gotlib, Hans J. Grabe, Nynke A. Groenewold, Dominik Grotegerd, Tim Hahn, J. Paul Hamilton, Laura K. M. Han, Ben J. Harrison, Tiffany C. Ho, Neda Jahanshad, Alec J. Jamieson, Andriana Karuk, Tilo Kircher, Bonnie Klimes-Dougan, Sheri-Michelle Koopowitz, Thomas Lancaster, Ramona Leenings, Meng Li, David E. J. Linden, Frank P. MacMaster, David M. A. Mehler, Susanne Meinert, Elisa Melloni, Bryon A. Mueller, Benson Mwangi, Igor Nenadić, Amar Ojha, Yasumasa Okamoto, Mardien L. Oudega, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, Sara Poletti, Edith Pomarol-Clotet, Maria J. Portella, Joaquim Radua, Elena Rodríguez-Cano, Matthew D. Sacchet, Raymond Salvador, Anouk Schrantee, Kang Sim, Jair C. Soares, Aleix Solanes, Dan J. Stein, Frederike Stein, Aleks Stolicyn, Sophia I. Thomopoulos, Yara J. Toenders, Aslihan Uyar-Demir, Eduard Vieta, Yolanda Vives-Gilabert, Henry Völzke, Martin Walter, Heather C. Whalley, Sarah Whittle, Nils Winter, Katharina Wittfeld, Margaret J. Wright, Mon-Ju Wu, Tony T. Yang, Carlos Zarate, Dick J. Veltman, Lianne Schmaal, Paul M. Thompson, for the ENIGMA-Major Depressive Disorder Working Group

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Original language	English
Journal	Molecular Psychiatry
Early online date	3 Oct 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03273-w
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 3 Oct 2025

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Cite this

Goya-Maldonado, R., Erwin-Grabner, T., Zeng, L.-L., Ching, C. R. K., Aleman, A., Amod, A. R., Basgoze, Z., Benedetti, F., Besteher, B., Brosch, K., Bülow, R., Colle, R., Connolly, C. G., Corruble, E., Couvy-Duchesne, B., Cullen, K., Dannlowski, U., Davey, C. G., Dols, A., ... for the ENIGMA-Major Depressive Disorder Working Group (2025). Classification of major depressive disorder using vertex-wise brain sulcal depth, curvature, and thickness with a deep and a shallow learning model. Molecular Psychiatry. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03273-w

@article{cf0a4d2ca7e943fe9d1aeb7994b76eee,

title = "Classification of major depressive disorder using vertex-wise brain sulcal depth, curvature, and thickness with a deep and a shallow learning model",

author = "Roberto Goya-Maldonado and Tracy Erwin-Grabner and Ling-Li Zeng and Ching, \{Christopher R. K.\} and Andre Aleman and Amod, \{Alyssa R.\} and Zeynep Basgoze and Francesco Benedetti and Bianca Besteher and Katharina Brosch and Robin B{\"u}low and Romain Colle and Connolly, \{Colm G.\} and Emmanuelle Corruble and Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne and Kathryn Cullen and Udo Dannlowski and Davey, \{Christopher G.\} and Annemiek Dols and Jan Ernsting and Evans, \{Jennifer W.\} and Lukas Fisch and Paola Fuentes-Claramonte and Gonul, \{Ali Saffet\} and Gotlib, \{Ian H.\} and Grabe, \{Hans J.\} and Groenewold, \{Nynke A.\} and Dominik Grotegerd and Tim Hahn and Hamilton, \{J. Paul\} and Han, \{Laura K. M.\} and Harrison, \{Ben J.\} and Ho, \{Tiffany C.\} and Neda Jahanshad and Jamieson, \{Alec J.\} and Andriana Karuk and Tilo Kircher and Bonnie Klimes-Dougan and Sheri-Michelle Koopowitz and Thomas Lancaster and Ramona Leenings and Meng Li and Linden, \{David E. J.\} and MacMaster, \{Frank P.\} and Mehler, \{David M. A.\} and Susanne Meinert and Elisa Melloni and Mueller, \{Bryon A.\} and Benson Mwangi and Igor Nenadi{\'c} and Amar Ojha and Yasumasa Okamoto and Oudega, \{Mardien L.\} and Penninx, \{Brenda W. J. H.\} and Sara Poletti and Edith Pomarol-Clotet and Portella, \{Maria J.\} and Joaquim Radua and Elena Rodr{\'i}guez-Cano and Sacchet, \{Matthew D.\} and Raymond Salvador and Anouk Schrantee and Kang Sim and Soares, \{Jair C.\} and Aleix Solanes and Stein, \{Dan J.\} and Frederike Stein and Aleks Stolicyn and Thomopoulos, \{Sophia I.\} and Toenders, \{Yara J.\} and Aslihan Uyar-Demir and Eduard Vieta and Yolanda Vives-Gilabert and Henry V{\"o}lzke and Martin Walter and Whalley, \{Heather C.\} and Sarah Whittle and Nils Winter and Katharina Wittfeld and Wright, \{Margaret J.\} and Mon-Ju Wu and Yang, \{Tony T.\} and Carlos Zarate and Veltman, \{Dick J.\} and Lianne Schmaal and Thompson, \{Paul M.\} and \{for the ENIGMA-Major Depressive Disorder Working Group\}",

year = "2025",

month = oct,

day = "3",

doi = "10.1038/s41380-025-03273-w",

language = "English",

journal = "Molecular Psychiatry",

issn = "1359-4184",

publisher = "Springer Nature",

}

Goya-Maldonado, R, Erwin-Grabner, T, Zeng, L-L, Ching, CRK, Aleman, A, Amod, AR, Basgoze, Z, Benedetti, F, Besteher, B, Brosch, K, Bülow, R, Colle, R, Connolly, CG, Corruble, E, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Cullen, K, Dannlowski, U, Davey, CG, Dols, A, Ernsting, J, Evans, JW, Fisch, L, Fuentes-Claramonte, P, Gonul, AS, Gotlib, IH, Grabe, HJ, Groenewold, NA, Grotegerd, D, Hahn, T, Hamilton, JP, Han, LKM, Harrison, BJ, Ho, TC, Jahanshad, N, Jamieson, AJ, Karuk, A, Kircher, T, Klimes-Dougan, B, Koopowitz, S-M, Lancaster, T, Leenings, R, Li, M, Linden, DEJ, MacMaster, FP, Mehler, DMA, Meinert, S, Melloni, E, Mueller, BA, Mwangi, B, Nenadić, I, Ojha, A, Okamoto, Y, Oudega, ML, Penninx, BWJH, Poletti, S, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Portella, MJ, Radua, J, Rodríguez-Cano, E, Sacchet, MD, Salvador, R, Schrantee, A, Sim, K, Soares, JC, Solanes, A, Stein, DJ, Stein, F, Stolicyn, A, Thomopoulos, SI, Toenders, YJ, Uyar-Demir, A, Vieta, E, Vives-Gilabert, Y, Völzke, H, Walter, M, Whalley, HC, Whittle, S, Winter, N, Wittfeld, K, Wright, MJ, Wu, M-J, Yang, TT, Zarate, C, Veltman, DJ, Schmaal, L, Thompson, PM & for the ENIGMA-Major Depressive Disorder Working Group 2025, 'Classification of major depressive disorder using vertex-wise brain sulcal depth, curvature, and thickness with a deep and a shallow learning model', Molecular Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03273-w

TY - JOUR

T1 - Classification of major depressive disorder using vertex-wise brain sulcal depth, curvature, and thickness with a deep and a shallow learning model

AU - Goya-Maldonado, Roberto

AU - Erwin-Grabner, Tracy

AU - Zeng, Ling-Li

AU - Ching, Christopher R. K.

AU - Aleman, Andre

AU - Amod, Alyssa R.

AU - Basgoze, Zeynep

AU - Benedetti, Francesco

AU - Besteher, Bianca

AU - Brosch, Katharina

AU - Bülow, Robin

AU - Colle, Romain

AU - Connolly, Colm G.

AU - Corruble, Emmanuelle

AU - Couvy-Duchesne, Baptiste

AU - Cullen, Kathryn

AU - Dannlowski, Udo

AU - Davey, Christopher G.

AU - Dols, Annemiek

AU - Ernsting, Jan

AU - Evans, Jennifer W.

AU - Fisch, Lukas

AU - Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola

AU - Gonul, Ali Saffet

AU - Gotlib, Ian H.

AU - Grabe, Hans J.

AU - Groenewold, Nynke A.

AU - Grotegerd, Dominik

AU - Hahn, Tim

AU - Hamilton, J. Paul

AU - Han, Laura K. M.

AU - Harrison, Ben J.

AU - Ho, Tiffany C.

AU - Jahanshad, Neda

AU - Jamieson, Alec J.

AU - Karuk, Andriana

AU - Kircher, Tilo

AU - Klimes-Dougan, Bonnie

AU - Koopowitz, Sheri-Michelle

AU - Lancaster, Thomas

AU - Leenings, Ramona

AU - Li, Meng

AU - Linden, David E. J.

AU - MacMaster, Frank P.

AU - Mehler, David M. A.

AU - Meinert, Susanne

AU - Melloni, Elisa

AU - Mueller, Bryon A.

AU - Mwangi, Benson

AU - Nenadić, Igor

AU - Ojha, Amar

AU - Okamoto, Yasumasa

AU - Oudega, Mardien L.

AU - Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.

AU - Poletti, Sara

AU - Pomarol-Clotet, Edith

AU - Portella, Maria J.

AU - Radua, Joaquim

AU - Rodríguez-Cano, Elena

AU - Sacchet, Matthew D.

AU - Salvador, Raymond

AU - Schrantee, Anouk

AU - Sim, Kang

AU - Soares, Jair C.

AU - Solanes, Aleix

AU - Stein, Dan J.

AU - Stein, Frederike

AU - Stolicyn, Aleks

AU - Thomopoulos, Sophia I.

AU - Toenders, Yara J.

AU - Uyar-Demir, Aslihan

AU - Vieta, Eduard

AU - Vives-Gilabert, Yolanda

AU - Völzke, Henry

AU - Walter, Martin

AU - Whalley, Heather C.

AU - Whittle, Sarah

AU - Winter, Nils

AU - Wittfeld, Katharina

AU - Wright, Margaret J.

AU - Wu, Mon-Ju

AU - Yang, Tony T.

AU - Zarate, Carlos

AU - Veltman, Dick J.

AU - Schmaal, Lianne

AU - Thompson, Paul M.

AU - for the ENIGMA-Major Depressive Disorder Working Group

PY - 2025/10/3

Y1 - 2025/10/3

U2 - 10.1038/s41380-025-03273-w

DO - 10.1038/s41380-025-03273-w

M3 - Article

SN - 1359-4184

JO - Molecular Psychiatry

JF - Molecular Psychiatry

ER -