TY - JOUR
T1 - Comorbidities and systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
AU - Choudhury, Gourab
AU - Rabinovich, Roberto
AU - MacNee, William
N1 - Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2014/3
Y1 - 2014/3
N2 - Although primarily a lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is now recognized to have extrapulmonary effects on distal organs, the so-called systemic effects and comorbidities of COPD. Skeletal muscle dysfunction, nutritional abnormalities including weight loss, cardiovascular complications, metabolic complications, and osteoporosis, among others, are all well-recognized associations in COPD. These extrapulmonary effects add to the burden of mortality and morbidity in COPD and therefore should be actively looked for, assessed, and treated.
AB - Although primarily a lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is now recognized to have extrapulmonary effects on distal organs, the so-called systemic effects and comorbidities of COPD. Skeletal muscle dysfunction, nutritional abnormalities including weight loss, cardiovascular complications, metabolic complications, and osteoporosis, among others, are all well-recognized associations in COPD. These extrapulmonary effects add to the burden of mortality and morbidity in COPD and therefore should be actively looked for, assessed, and treated.
U2 - 10.1016/j.ccm.2013.10.007
DO - 10.1016/j.ccm.2013.10.007
M3 - Article
C2 - 24507840
SN - 0272-5231
VL - 35
SP - 101
EP - 130
JO - Clinics in chest medicine
JF - Clinics in chest medicine
IS - 1
ER -