TY - JOUR
T1 - Comparison of symptom-based versus self-reported diagnostic measures of anxiety and depression disorders in the GLAD and COPING cohorts
AU - Davies, Molly R.
AU - Buckman, Joshua E.j.
AU - Adey, Brett N.
AU - Armour, Chérie
AU - Bradley, John R.
AU - Curzons, Susannah C.b.
AU - Davies, Helena L.
AU - Davis, Katrina A.s.
AU - Goldsmith, Kimberley A.
AU - Hirsch, Colette R.
AU - Hotopf, Matthew
AU - Hübel, Christopher
AU - Jones, Ian R.
AU - Kalsi, Gursharan
AU - Krebs, Georgina
AU - Lin, Yuhao
AU - Marsh, Ian
AU - Mcatarsney-kovacs, Monika
AU - Mcintosh, Andrew M.
AU - Mundy, Jessica
AU - Monssen, Dina
AU - Peel, Alicia J.
AU - Rogers, Henry C.
AU - Skelton, Megan
AU - Smith, Daniel J.
AU - Ter Kuile, Abigail
AU - Thompson, Katherine N.
AU - Veale, David
AU - Walters, James T.r.
AU - Zahn, Roland
AU - Breen, Gerome
AU - Eley, Thalia C.
N1 - Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/10/26
Y1 - 2021/10/26
N2 - BACKGROUND: Understanding and improving outcomes for people with anxiety or depression often requires large sample sizes. To increase participation and reduce costs, such research is typically unable to utilise "gold-standard" methods to ascertain diagnoses, instead relying on remote, self-report measures.AIMS: Assess the comparability of remote diagnostic methods for anxiety and depression disorders commonly used in research.METHOD: Participants from the UK-based GLAD and COPING NBR cohorts (N = 58,400) completed an online questionnaire between 2018 and 2020. Responses to detailed symptom reports were compared to DSM-5 criteria to generate symptom-based diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and agoraphobia. Participants also self-reported any prior diagnoses from health professionals, termed self-reported diagnoses. "Any anxiety" included participants with at least one anxiety disorder. Agreement was assessed by calculating accuracy, Cohen's kappa, McNemar's chi-squared, sensitivity, and specificity.RESULTS: Agreement between diagnoses was moderate for MDD, any anxiety, and GAD, but varied by cohort. Agreement was slight to fair for the phobic disorders. Many participants with self-reported GAD did not receive a symptom-based diagnosis. In contrast, symptom-based diagnoses of the phobic disorders were more common than self-reported diagnoses.CONCLUSIONS: Agreement for MDD, any anxiety, and GAD was higher for cases in the case-enriched GLAD cohort and for controls in the general population COPING NBR cohort. For anxiety disorders, self-reported diagnoses classified most participants as having GAD, whereas symptom-based diagnoses distributed participants more evenly across the anxiety disorders. Further validation against gold standard measures is required.
AB - BACKGROUND: Understanding and improving outcomes for people with anxiety or depression often requires large sample sizes. To increase participation and reduce costs, such research is typically unable to utilise "gold-standard" methods to ascertain diagnoses, instead relying on remote, self-report measures.AIMS: Assess the comparability of remote diagnostic methods for anxiety and depression disorders commonly used in research.METHOD: Participants from the UK-based GLAD and COPING NBR cohorts (N = 58,400) completed an online questionnaire between 2018 and 2020. Responses to detailed symptom reports were compared to DSM-5 criteria to generate symptom-based diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and agoraphobia. Participants also self-reported any prior diagnoses from health professionals, termed self-reported diagnoses. "Any anxiety" included participants with at least one anxiety disorder. Agreement was assessed by calculating accuracy, Cohen's kappa, McNemar's chi-squared, sensitivity, and specificity.RESULTS: Agreement between diagnoses was moderate for MDD, any anxiety, and GAD, but varied by cohort. Agreement was slight to fair for the phobic disorders. Many participants with self-reported GAD did not receive a symptom-based diagnosis. In contrast, symptom-based diagnoses of the phobic disorders were more common than self-reported diagnoses.CONCLUSIONS: Agreement for MDD, any anxiety, and GAD was higher for cases in the case-enriched GLAD cohort and for controls in the general population COPING NBR cohort. For anxiety disorders, self-reported diagnoses classified most participants as having GAD, whereas symptom-based diagnoses distributed participants more evenly across the anxiety disorders. Further validation against gold standard measures is required.
U2 - 10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102491
DO - 10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102491
M3 - Article
C2 - 34775166
SN - 0887-6185
VL - 85
SP - 102491
JO - Journal of Anxiety Disorders
JF - Journal of Anxiety Disorders
ER -