TY - JOUR
T1 - Continua with microstructure
T2 - Second-gradient theory: Theory, examples and computational issues
AU - Papanicolopulos, S.-A.
AU - Zervos, A.
N1 - Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2010/1/1
Y1 - 2010/1/1
N2 - Second-gradient theories represent a frequently used subset of theories of continua with microstructure. This paper presents an extended overview of second-gradient theories, starting from a simple one-dimensional example, proceeding with a thorough description of gradient elasticity and additionally briefly describing some other theories of this kind. A series of characteristic examples is presented to demonstrate the main aspects and applications of second-gradient theories. Finally, the complications in the finite-element implementation of second-gradient theories are presented, along with a review of the finite elements that have been developed for this purpose.
AB - Second-gradient theories represent a frequently used subset of theories of continua with microstructure. This paper presents an extended overview of second-gradient theories, starting from a simple one-dimensional example, proceeding with a thorough description of gradient elasticity and additionally briefly describing some other theories of this kind. A series of characteristic examples is presented to demonstrate the main aspects and applications of second-gradient theories. Finally, the complications in the finite-element implementation of second-gradient theories are presented, along with a review of the finite elements that have been developed for this purpose.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=yv4JPVwI&eid=2-s2.0-81255124121&md5=0a0cf8461e9d56985907057a0906c415
U2 - 10.1080/19648189.2010.9693278
DO - 10.1080/19648189.2010.9693278
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:81255124121
SN - 1964-8189
VL - 14
SP - 1031
EP - 1050
JO - European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering
JF - European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering
IS - 1-10
ER -