Control of prosthetic hands

We provide a review of the various methods for the control of active prosthetic hands. We introduce various conventional and contemporary approaches and lay the foundation of more advanced techniques that could achieve the holy grail of prosthesis control, that is, the continuous control of individual digits and wrist joints. Topics discussed include clinical aspects; bespoke sockets and clinical outcome measures; methods that enable interfacing directly with the nerves and muscles; surgical techniques; artificial intelligence and machine learning; user-prosthesis co-adaptation; children prosthetics; and 3D-printed prosthesis.