Convective Flow Optimization inside a Lid-Driven Chamber with a Rotating Porous Cylinder Using Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer Model

The active flow optimization and the entropy generation of a spinning porous cylinder on laminar mixed convective flow in a lid-driven differentially heated square chamber have been explored numerically in this study. The cold top surface of the chamber is sliding in the right direction at a fixed velocity, while the cylinder is rotating at a fixed angular velocity, either assisting or opposing the main flow. Navier–Stokes and thermal energy equations define the transport phenomena, while an averaging approach via the Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer model is implemented for the porous medium. Three different mixed convection cases based on Reynolds number (31.62 ≤ Re ≤ 316.23), Grashof number (103 ≤ Gr ≤ 105), and Richardson number (0.1 ≤ Ri ≤ 10) are considered in the flow optimization along with the alteration of rotational Reynolds number (Rec = 10, 0, − 10), size (λ = 0.3, 04, 0.5), and position (1–5) of the cylinder. Quantitative evaluations of thermal performance are done in terms of mean Nusselt number, Bejan number, performance evaluation criterion, and thermal performance criterion. The optimization study primarily supports clockwise rotation at the central position of the porous cylinder with specific sizes (diameters) based on the ranges of governing parameters in each simulation case. It is found that the porous cylinder’s rotation primarily determines fluid flow across the porous area.