Abstract
Background
Characterisation of grip strength (GS) using isometric dynamometry is central to the definition of sarcopenia. Determinants of low GS include: older age; shorter stature; low physical activity; poor nutrition; socioeconomic disadvantage and multimorbidity. Less is known about risk factors for accelerated loss of GS.
Methods
We investigated determinants of level and 8-year loss of GS in 3,703 men and women (aged 52-82 years) in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). 441 men and women (aged 59-71 years) who participated in a 10-year follow-up of the Hertfordshire Cohort Study (HCS) were used for replication. Variables were harmonised between cohorts. Change in GS was characterised using mixed-effects models in ELSA and a residual change approach in HCS and analysed for men and women combined.
Results
Men in ELSA and HCS had higher average levels of GS at baseline, and accelerated rates of loss, compared with women. In ELSA, older age, shorter stature, and multimorbidity were correlated with lower level, and accelerated rate of loss, of GS in both sexes (accelerated loss of 0.07 (95%CI: 0.04, 0.11) standard deviation scores per additional morbidity after multivariable adjustment). Socioeconomic disadvantage, low level of physical activity and poorer self-reported health were also correlated with low GS level, but not loss rate, after multivariable adjustment. Analysis in HCS yielded similar results.
Conclusions
Our results identify multimorbidity as a modifiable determinant of loss of muscle strength in later life, and raise the possibility that developmental influences may impact on rate of involutional decline in muscle strength.
Characterisation of grip strength (GS) using isometric dynamometry is central to the definition of sarcopenia. Determinants of low GS include: older age; shorter stature; low physical activity; poor nutrition; socioeconomic disadvantage and multimorbidity. Less is known about risk factors for accelerated loss of GS.
Methods
We investigated determinants of level and 8-year loss of GS in 3,703 men and women (aged 52-82 years) in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). 441 men and women (aged 59-71 years) who participated in a 10-year follow-up of the Hertfordshire Cohort Study (HCS) were used for replication. Variables were harmonised between cohorts. Change in GS was characterised using mixed-effects models in ELSA and a residual change approach in HCS and analysed for men and women combined.
Results
Men in ELSA and HCS had higher average levels of GS at baseline, and accelerated rates of loss, compared with women. In ELSA, older age, shorter stature, and multimorbidity were correlated with lower level, and accelerated rate of loss, of GS in both sexes (accelerated loss of 0.07 (95%CI: 0.04, 0.11) standard deviation scores per additional morbidity after multivariable adjustment). Socioeconomic disadvantage, low level of physical activity and poorer self-reported health were also correlated with low GS level, but not loss rate, after multivariable adjustment. Analysis in HCS yielded similar results.
Conclusions
Our results identify multimorbidity as a modifiable determinant of loss of muscle strength in later life, and raise the possibility that developmental influences may impact on rate of involutional decline in muscle strength.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1-11 |
| Journal | Calcified Tissue International and Musculoskeletal Research |
| Early online date | 22 Oct 2017 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | E-pub ahead of print - 22 Oct 2017 |
Keywords
- grip strength
- involutional decline
- risk factors
- later life