Correlative non-destructive techniques to investigate aging and orientation effects in automotive Li-ion pouch cells

Arthur Fordham; Zoran Milojevic; Emily Giles; Wenjia Du; Rhodri E. Owen; Stefan Michalik; Philip A. Chater; Prodip K. Das; Pierrot S. Attidekou; Simon M. Lambert; Phoebe K. Allan; Peter R. Slater; Paul A. Anderson; Rhodri Jervis; Paul R. Shearing; Dan J.L. Brett

doi:10.1016/j.joule.2023.10.011

Correlative non-destructive techniques to investigate aging and orientation effects in automotive Li-ion pouch cells

Arthur Fordham, Zoran Milojevic, Emily Giles, Wenjia Du, Rhodri E. Owen, Stefan Michalik, Philip A. Chater, Prodip K. Das, Pierrot S. Attidekou, Simon M. Lambert, Phoebe K. Allan, Peter R. Slater, Paul A. Anderson, Rhodri Jervis, Paul R. Shearing, Dan J.L. Brett

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Summary The growing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) continues to raise concern for the disposal of lithium-ion batteries reaching their end of life (EoL). The cells inside EVs age differently depending on multiple factors. Yet, following extraction, there are significant challenges with characterizing degradation in cells that have been aged from real-world EV usage. We employed four non-destructive techniques—infrared thermography, ultrasonic mapping, X-ray tomography, and synchrotron X-ray diffraction—to analyze the aging of Nissan Leaf large-format pouch cells that were arranged in different orientations and locations within the pack. The combination of these methods provided complementary insights into cell degradation, with rotated/vertically aligned cells exhibiting distinct aging patterns compared with flat/horizontally aligned cells. These findings offer valuable information for pack design and demonstrate how cost-effective non-destructive techniques can provide practical assessment capabilities comparable to synchrotron studies. This approach enables decision support during EoL, enhancing battery production efficiency and minimizing material waste.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	2622-2652
Number of pages	31
Journal	Joule
Volume	7
Issue number	11
Early online date	15 Nov 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.10.011
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 15 Nov 2023

Keywords / Materials (for Non-textual outputs)

automotive Li-ion pouch cell
electric vehicle
aging
infrared thermal imaging
ultrasound acoustic measurement
X-ray tomography
deep learning
synchrotron X-ray diffraction

Access to Document

10.1016/j.joule.2023.10.011

Joule2023Final published version, 7.72 MBLicence: CC BY

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542435123004403

1 Preprint

Correlative Non-Destructive Techniques to Investigate Ageing and Orientation Effects in Automotive Li-Ion Pouch Cells
Fordham, A., Lambert, S. M., Allan, P., Slater, P. R., Anderson, P. A., Jervis, R., Shearing, P. R., Brett, D. J. L., Milojevic, Z., Giles, E., Du, W., Owen, R. E., Michalik, S., Chater, P. A., Das, P. K. & Attidekou, P. S., 31 May 2023, Cell Press, 47 p.
Research output: Working paper › Preprint

Cite this

Fordham, A., Milojevic, Z., Giles, E., Du, W., Owen, R. E., Michalik, S., Chater, P. A., Das, P. K., Attidekou, P. S., Lambert, S. M., Allan, P. K., Slater, P. R., Anderson, P. A., Jervis, R., Shearing, P. R., & Brett, D. J. L. (2023). Correlative non-destructive techniques to investigate aging and orientation effects in automotive Li-ion pouch cells. Joule, 7(11), 2622-2652. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.10.011

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title = "Correlative non-destructive techniques to investigate aging and orientation effects in automotive Li-ion pouch cells",

abstract = "Summary The growing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) continues to raise concern for the disposal of lithium-ion batteries reaching their end of life (EoL). The cells inside EVs age differently depending on multiple factors. Yet, following extraction, there are significant challenges with characterizing degradation in cells that have been aged from real-world EV usage. We employed four non-destructive techniques—infrared thermography, ultrasonic mapping, X-ray tomography, and synchrotron X-ray diffraction—to analyze the aging of Nissan Leaf large-format pouch cells that were arranged in different orientations and locations within the pack. The combination of these methods provided complementary insights into cell degradation, with rotated/vertically aligned cells exhibiting distinct aging patterns compared with flat/horizontally aligned cells. These findings offer valuable information for pack design and demonstrate how cost-effective non-destructive techniques can provide practical assessment capabilities comparable to synchrotron studies. This approach enables decision support during EoL, enhancing battery production efficiency and minimizing material waste.",

keywords = "automotive Li-ion pouch cell, electric vehicle, aging, infrared thermal imaging, ultrasound acoustic measurement, X-ray tomography, deep learning, synchrotron X-ray diffraction",

author = "Arthur Fordham and Zoran Milojevic and Emily Giles and Wenjia Du and Owen, {Rhodri E.} and Stefan Michalik and Chater, {Philip A.} and Das, {Prodip K.} and Attidekou, {Pierrot S.} and Lambert, {Simon M.} and Allan, {Phoebe K.} and Slater, {Peter R.} and Anderson, {Paul A.} and Rhodri Jervis and Shearing, {Paul R.} and Brett, {Dan J.L.}",

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doi = "10.1016/j.joule.2023.10.011",

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Fordham, A, Milojevic, Z, Giles, E, Du, W, Owen, RE, Michalik, S, Chater, PA, Das, PK, Attidekou, PS, Lambert, SM, Allan, PK, Slater, PR, Anderson, PA, Jervis, R, Shearing, PR & Brett, DJL 2023, 'Correlative non-destructive techniques to investigate aging and orientation effects in automotive Li-ion pouch cells', Joule, vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 2622-2652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.10.011

TY - JOUR

T1 - Correlative non-destructive techniques to investigate aging and orientation effects in automotive Li-ion pouch cells

AU - Fordham, Arthur

AU - Milojevic, Zoran

AU - Giles, Emily

AU - Du, Wenjia

AU - Owen, Rhodri E.

AU - Michalik, Stefan

AU - Chater, Philip A.

AU - Das, Prodip K.

AU - Attidekou, Pierrot S.

AU - Lambert, Simon M.

AU - Allan, Phoebe K.

AU - Slater, Peter R.

AU - Anderson, Paul A.

AU - Jervis, Rhodri

AU - Shearing, Paul R.

AU - Brett, Dan J.L.

PY - 2023/11/15

Y1 - 2023/11/15

N2 - Summary The growing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) continues to raise concern for the disposal of lithium-ion batteries reaching their end of life (EoL). The cells inside EVs age differently depending on multiple factors. Yet, following extraction, there are significant challenges with characterizing degradation in cells that have been aged from real-world EV usage. We employed four non-destructive techniques—infrared thermography, ultrasonic mapping, X-ray tomography, and synchrotron X-ray diffraction—to analyze the aging of Nissan Leaf large-format pouch cells that were arranged in different orientations and locations within the pack. The combination of these methods provided complementary insights into cell degradation, with rotated/vertically aligned cells exhibiting distinct aging patterns compared with flat/horizontally aligned cells. These findings offer valuable information for pack design and demonstrate how cost-effective non-destructive techniques can provide practical assessment capabilities comparable to synchrotron studies. This approach enables decision support during EoL, enhancing battery production efficiency and minimizing material waste.

AB - Summary The growing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) continues to raise concern for the disposal of lithium-ion batteries reaching their end of life (EoL). The cells inside EVs age differently depending on multiple factors. Yet, following extraction, there are significant challenges with characterizing degradation in cells that have been aged from real-world EV usage. We employed four non-destructive techniques—infrared thermography, ultrasonic mapping, X-ray tomography, and synchrotron X-ray diffraction—to analyze the aging of Nissan Leaf large-format pouch cells that were arranged in different orientations and locations within the pack. The combination of these methods provided complementary insights into cell degradation, with rotated/vertically aligned cells exhibiting distinct aging patterns compared with flat/horizontally aligned cells. These findings offer valuable information for pack design and demonstrate how cost-effective non-destructive techniques can provide practical assessment capabilities comparable to synchrotron studies. This approach enables decision support during EoL, enhancing battery production efficiency and minimizing material waste.

KW - automotive Li-ion pouch cell

KW - electric vehicle

KW - aging

KW - infrared thermal imaging

KW - ultrasound acoustic measurement

KW - X-ray tomography

KW - deep learning

KW - synchrotron X-ray diffraction

U2 - 10.1016/j.joule.2023.10.011

DO - 10.1016/j.joule.2023.10.011

M3 - Article

SN - 2542-4351

VL - 7

SP - 2622

EP - 2652

JO - Joule

JF - Joule

IS - 11

ER -

Correlative non-destructive techniques to investigate aging and orientation effects in automotive Li-ion pouch cells

Abstract

Keywords / Materials (for Non-textual outputs)

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Research output

Correlative Non-Destructive Techniques to Investigate Ageing and Orientation Effects in Automotive Li-Ion Pouch Cells

Cite this