TY - JOUR
T1 - Cosmology from LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey Data Release 2: Angular Clustering of Radio Sources
AU - Hale, C. L.
AU - Schwarz, D. J.
AU - Best, P. N.
AU - Nakoneczny, S. J.
AU - Alonso, D.
AU - Bacon, D.
AU - Böhme, L.
AU - Bhardwaj, N.
AU - Bilicki, M.
AU - Camera, S.
AU - Heneka, C. S.
AU - Pashapour-Ahmadabadi, M.
AU - Tiwari, P.
AU - Zheng, J.
AU - Duncan, K. J.
AU - Jarvis, M. J.
AU - Kondapally, R.
AU - Magliocchetti, M.
AU - Rottgering, H. J. A.
AU - Shimwell, T. W.
N1 - Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 29 pages, 24 figures
Funding Information:
This research made use of the Dutch national e-infrastructure with support of the SURF Cooperative (e-infra 180169) and the LOFAR e-infra group. The Jülich LOFAR Long Term Archive and the German LOFAR network are both coordinated and operated by the Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), and computing resources on the supercomputer JUWELS at JSC were provided by the Gauss Centre for Supercomputing e.V. (grant CHTB00) through the John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC). This research made use of the University of Hertfordshire high-performance computing facility and the LOFAR-UK computing facility located at the University of Hertfordshire and supported by STFC [ST/P000096/1], and of the Italian LOFAR IT computing infrastructure supported and operated by INAF, and by the Physics Department of Turin university (under an agreement with Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale) at the C3S Supercomputing Centre, Italy.
Funding Information:
LOFAR is the Low Frequency Array designed and constructed by ASTRON. It has observing, data processing, and data storage facilities in several countries, which are owned by various parties (each with their own funding sources), and which are collectively operated by the ILT foundation under a joint scientific policy. The ILT resources have benefited from the following recent major funding sources: CNRS-INSU, Observatoire de Paris and Université d’Orléans, France; BMBF, MIWF-NRW, MPG, Germany; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), Department of Business, Enterprise and Innovation (DBEI), Ireland; NWO, The Netherlands; The Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland; The Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Italy.
Funding Information:
We thank the referee for their helpful comments to improve the clarity of this manuscript. CLH acknowledges support from the Leverhulme Trust through an Early Career Research Fellowship. PNB and RK are grateful for support from the UK STFC via grant ST/V000594/1. LB acknowledged support of Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes. DJS and NB acknowledge support of Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) grant RTG 1620 ‘Models of Gravity’. CSH’s work is funded by the Volkswagen Foundation. CSH acknowledges additional support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC 2121 ‘Quantum Universe’ – 390833306 and EXC 2181/1–390900948 (the Heidelberg STRUCTURES Excellence Cluster). SJN is supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) through grant AST-2108402, and the Polish National Science Centre through grant UMO-2018/31/N/ST9/03975. MB is supported by the Polish National Science Centre through grants no. 2020/38/E/ST9/00395,2018/30/E/ST9/00698, 2018/31/G/ST9/03388 and 2020/39/B/ST9/03494, and by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education through grant DIR/WK/2018/12. DA acknowledges support from the Beecroft Trust, and from the Science and Technology Facilities Council through an Ernest Rutherford Fellowship, grant reference ST/P004474. MJJ acknowledges support of the STFC consolidated grant [ST/S000488/1] and [ST/W000903/1], from a UKRI Frontiers Research Grant [EP/X026639/1] and the Oxford Hintze Centre for Astrophysical Surveys which is funded through generous support from the Hintze Family Charitable Foundation. JZ acknowledges support by the project ‘NRW-Cluster for data intensive radio astronomy: Big Bang to Big Data (B3D)’ funded through the programme ‘Profilbildung 2020’, an initiative of the Ministry of Culture and Science of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia. KJD acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 892117 (HIZRAD) and support from the STFC through an Ernest Rutherford Fellowship (grant number ST/W003120/1).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Author(s).
PY - 2024/1/1
Y1 - 2024/1/1
N2 - Covering ∼5600 deg2 to rms sensitivities of ∼70−100 μJy beam−1, the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey Data Release 2 (LoTSS-DR2) provides the largest low-frequency (∼150 MHz) radio catalogue to date, making it an excellent tool for large-area radio cosmology studies. In this work, we use LoTSS-DR2 sources to investigate the angular two-point correlation function of galaxies within the survey. We discuss systematics in the data and an improved methodology for generating random catalogues, compared to that used for LoTSS-DR1, before presenting the angular clustering for ∼900,000 sources ≥1.5 mJy and a peak signal-to-noise ≥7.5 across ∼80% of the observed area. Using the clustering we infer the bias assuming two evolutionary models. When fitting {angular scales of 0.5≤θ<5°, using a linear bias model, we find LoTSS-DR2 sources are biased tracers of the underlying matter, with a bias of bC=2.14+0.22−0.20 (assuming constant bias) and bE(z=0)=1.79+0.15−0.14 (for an evolving model, inversely proportional to the growth factor), corresponding to bE=2.81+0.24−0.22 at the median redshift of our sample, assuming the LoTSS Deep Fields redshift distribution is representative of our data. This reduces to bC=2.02+0.17−0.16 and bE(z=0)=1.67+0.12−0.12 when allowing preferential redshift distributions from the Deep Fields to model our data. Whilst the clustering amplitude is slightly lower than LoTSS-DR1 (≥2 mJy), our study benefits from larger samples and improved redshift estimates.
AB - Covering ∼5600 deg2 to rms sensitivities of ∼70−100 μJy beam−1, the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey Data Release 2 (LoTSS-DR2) provides the largest low-frequency (∼150 MHz) radio catalogue to date, making it an excellent tool for large-area radio cosmology studies. In this work, we use LoTSS-DR2 sources to investigate the angular two-point correlation function of galaxies within the survey. We discuss systematics in the data and an improved methodology for generating random catalogues, compared to that used for LoTSS-DR1, before presenting the angular clustering for ∼900,000 sources ≥1.5 mJy and a peak signal-to-noise ≥7.5 across ∼80% of the observed area. Using the clustering we infer the bias assuming two evolutionary models. When fitting {angular scales of 0.5≤θ<5°, using a linear bias model, we find LoTSS-DR2 sources are biased tracers of the underlying matter, with a bias of bC=2.14+0.22−0.20 (assuming constant bias) and bE(z=0)=1.79+0.15−0.14 (for an evolving model, inversely proportional to the growth factor), corresponding to bE=2.81+0.24−0.22 at the median redshift of our sample, assuming the LoTSS Deep Fields redshift distribution is representative of our data. This reduces to bC=2.02+0.17−0.16 and bE(z=0)=1.67+0.12−0.12 when allowing preferential redshift distributions from the Deep Fields to model our data. Whilst the clustering amplitude is slightly lower than LoTSS-DR1 (≥2 mJy), our study benefits from larger samples and improved redshift estimates.
KW - cosmology: large-scale structure of Universe
KW - radio continuum: galaxies
KW - galaxies: haloes
U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stad3088
DO - 10.1093/mnras/stad3088
M3 - Article
SN - 0035-8711
VL - 527
SP - 6540
EP - 6568
JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
IS - 3
ER -