Defect Mediated Lyoropic Nematic Gel

This invention relates to a gel comprising a colloid dispersed in a lyotropic nematic liquid crystal, the lyotropic nematic liquid crystal comprising defect lines formed by the colloid. The invention also relates to a method for making the gel comprising the steps of: (a) mixing a nematogen with a liquid and the colloid to form a resulting dispersion, and (b) applying shear to the resulting dispersion at a temperature such thta a lyotropic nematic liquid crystal phase is formed. In addition, the invention relates to an adhesive, lubricant, ceramic, film, spray, gel, lotion, foam, nanowire, yarn, medical implant, wearable, bone graft material. 3D printing material, ink, agrochemical formulation, topical formulation, paint, coating, composite, energy storage material, advanced material, responsive composite, cosmetic product, personal care product, pharmaceutical or foodstuff comprising the gel.