Abstract / Description of output
We review early and recent psychological theories of dehumanization and survey the burgeoning empirical literature, focusing on six fundamental questions. First, we examine how people are dehumanized, exploring the range of ways in which perceptions of lesser humanness have been conceptualized and demonstrated. Second, we review who is dehumanized, examining the social targets that have been shown to be denied humanness and commonalities among them. Third, we investigate who dehumanizes, notably the personality, ideological, and other individual differences that increase the propensity to see others as less than human. Fourth, we explore when people dehumanize, focusing on transient situational and motivational factors that promote dehumanizing perceptions. Fifth, we examine the consequences of dehumanization, emphasizing its implications for prosocial and antisocial behavior and for moral judgment. Finally, we ask what can be done to reduce dehumanization. We conclude with a discussion of limitations of current scholarship and directions for future research.
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | Annual Review of Psychology |
Editors | ST Fiske |
Place of Publication | PALO ALTO |
Publisher | Annual Reviews |
Pages | 399-423 |
Number of pages | 25 |
Volume | 65 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Jan 2014 |
Publication series
Name | Annual Review of Psychology |
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Publisher | ANNUAL REVIEWS |
Volume | 65 |
ISSN (Print) | 0066-4308 |
Keywords / Materials (for Non-textual outputs)
- aggression
- power
- stereotypes
- violence
- UNIQUELY HUMAN EMOTIONS
- SECONDARY EMOTIONS
- INFRA-HUMANIZATION
- MIND PERCEPTION
- EVERYDAY DEHUMANIZATION
- IMPLICIT ASSOCIATIONS
- INTERGROUP RELATIONS
- MORAL DISENGAGEMENT
- OBJECTIFIED WOMEN
- SOCIAL CONNECTION
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Steve Loughnan
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences - Personal Chair of Social Psychology
- Edinburgh Neuroscience
Person: Academic: Research Active