Delphi consensus on bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: An evolutionary cul-de-sac or the birth pangs of a new technical framework?

Yukio Iwashita, Taizo Hibi, Tetsuji Ohyama, Akiko Umezawa, Tadahiro Takada, Steven M Strasberg, Horacio J Asbun, Henry A Pitt, Ho-Seong Han, Tsann-Long Hwang, Kenji Suzuki, Yoo-Seok Yoon, In-Seok Choi, Dong-Sup Yoon, Wayne Shih-Wei Huang, Masahiro Yoshida, Go Wakabayashi, Fumihiko Miura, Kohji Okamoto, Itaru EndoEduardo de Santibanes, Mariano Eduardo Giménez, John A Windsor, James Garden, Dirk J Gouma, Daniel Cherqui, Giulio Belli, Christos Dervenis, Daniel J Deziel, Eduard C Jonas, Palepu Jagannath, Avinash Nivritti Supe, Harjit Singh, Kui-Hin Liau, Xiao-Ping Chen, Angus C W Chan, Wan Yee Lau, Sheung Tat Fan, Miin-Fu Chen, Myung-Hwan Kim, Goro Honda, Atsushi Sugioka, Koji Asai, Keita Wada, Yasuhisa Mori, Ryota Higuchi, Takeshi Misawa, Manabu Watanabe, Naoki Matsumura, Toshiki Rikiyama, Naohiro Sata, Nobuyasu Kano, Hiromi Tokumura, Taizo Kimura, Seigo Kitano, Masafumi Inomata, Koichi Hirata, Yoshinobu Sumiyama, Kazuo Inui, Masakazu Yamamoto

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract / Description of output

BACKGROUND: Bile duct injury (BDI) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains a serious iatrogenic surgical complication. BDI most often occurs as a result of misidentification of the anatomy; however, clinical evidence on its precise mechanism and surgeons' perceptions is scarce.

METHODS: Surgeons from Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and the U.S., etc. (n = 614) participated in a questionnaire regarding their BDI experience and near-misses; and perceptions on landmarks, intraoperative findings, and surgical techniques. Respondents voted for a Delphi process and graded each item on a five-point scale. The consensus was built when ≥80% of overall responses were 4 or 5.

RESULTS: Response rates for the first- and the second-round Delphi were 60.6% and 74.9%, respectively. Misidentification of local anatomy accounted for 76.2% of BDI. Final consensus was reached on: 1) Effective retraction of the gallbladder, 2) Always obtaining critical view of safety, and 3) Avoiding excessive use of electrocautery/clipping as vital procedures; and 4) Calot's triangle area and 5) Critical view of safety as important landmarks. For 6) Impacted gallstone and 7) Severe fibrosis/scarring in Calot's triangle, bail-out procedures may be indicated.

CONCLUSIONS: A consensus was reached among expert surgeons on relevant landmarks and intraoperative findings and appropriate surgical techniques to avoid BDI. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Original languageEnglish
JournalJournal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences
Volume24
Issue number11
Early online date8 Sept 2017
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Nov 2017

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  • Journal Article

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