Diamond Precipitation Dynamics from Hydrocarbons at Icy Planet Interior Conditions

Mungo Frost; R Stewart McWilliams; Elena Bykova; Maxim Bykov; Rachel J Husband; Leon M  Andriambariarijaona; Saiana Khandarkhaeva; Bernhard Massani; Karen Appel; Carsten Baehtz; Orianna B Ball; Valerio Cerantola; Stella Chariton; Jinhyuk Choi; Hyunchae Cynn; Matthew J Duff; Anand Dwivedi; Eric Edmund; Guillaume Fiquet; Heinz Graafsma; Huijeong Hwang; Nicolas Jaisle; Jaeyong  Kim; Zuzana Konopkova; Torsten Laurus; Yongjae Lee; Hans-Peter Liermann; James D McHardy; Malcolm I McMahon; Guillaume Morard; Motoaki  Nakatsutsumi; Lan Anh Nguyen; Sandra Ninet; Vitali B Prakapenka; Clemens Prescher; Ronald Redmer; Stephan Stern; Cornelius Strohm; Jolanta  Sztuk-Dambietz; Monica Turcato; Zhongyan  Wu; Siegfried H  Glenzer; Alexander F Goncharov

doi:10.1038/s41550-023-02147-x

Diamond Precipitation Dynamics from Hydrocarbons at Icy Planet Interior Conditions

Mungo Frost^*, R Stewart McWilliams, Elena Bykova, Maxim Bykov, Rachel J Husband, Leon M Andriambariarijaona, Saiana Khandarkhaeva, Bernhard Massani, Karen Appel, Carsten Baehtz, Orianna B Ball, Valerio Cerantola, Stella Chariton, Jinhyuk Choi, Hyunchae Cynn, Matthew J Duff, Anand Dwivedi, Eric Edmund, Guillaume Fiquet, Heinz GraafsmaHuijeong Hwang, Nicolas Jaisle, Jaeyong Kim, Zuzana Konopkova, Torsten Laurus, Yongjae Lee, Hans-Peter Liermann, James D McHardy, Malcolm I McMahon, Guillaume Morard, Motoaki Nakatsutsumi, Lan Anh Nguyen, Sandra Ninet, Vitali B Prakapenka, Clemens Prescher, Ronald Redmer, Stephan Stern, Cornelius Strohm, Jolanta Sztuk-Dambietz, Monica Turcato, Zhongyan Wu, Siegfried H Glenzer, Alexander F Goncharov

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Physics and Astronomy

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract / Description of output

The pressure and temperature conditions at which precipitation of diamond
occurs from hydrocarbon mixtures is important for modelling the interior
dynamics of icy planets. However, there is substantial disagreement from
laboratory experiments, with those using dynamic compression techniques
finding much more extreme conditions are required than in static compression.
Here we report the time-resolved observation of diamond formation from
statically compressed polystyrene, (C8H8)n, heated using the 4.5 MHz X-ray
pulse trains at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser facility. Diamond
formation is observed above 2,500 K from 19 GPa to 27 GPa, conditions
representative of Uranus’s and Neptune’s shallow interiors, on 30 μs to
40 μs timescales. This is much slower than may be observed during the
∼10 ns duration of typical dynamic compression experiments, revealing
reaction kinetics to be the reason for the discrepancy. Reduced pressure
and temperature conditions for diamond formation has implications for icy
planetary interiors, where diamond subduction leads to heating and could drive
convection in the conductive ice layer that has a role in their magnetic fields.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	174-181
Number of pages	8
Journal	Nature Astronomy
Volume	8
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-023-02147-x
Publication status	Published - 8 Jan 2024

Keywords / Materials (for Non-textual outputs)

x-Ray diffraction
Extreme Conditions
Metal Transition
High-Pressures
Anvil Cell
Conductivity
Dissociation
Neptune
Science
Methane

Access to Document

10.1038/s41550-023-02147-x

XFEL_diamond_v6Accepted author manuscript, 7.2 MBLicence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC-BY)

Cite this

Frost, M., McWilliams, R. S., Bykova, E., Bykov, M., Husband, R. J., Andriambariarijaona, L. M., Khandarkhaeva, S., Massani, B., Appel, K., Baehtz, C., Ball, O. B., Cerantola, V., Chariton, S., Choi, J., Cynn, H., Duff, M. J., Dwivedi, A., Edmund, E., Fiquet, G., ... Goncharov, A. F. (2024). Diamond Precipitation Dynamics from Hydrocarbons at Icy Planet Interior Conditions. Nature Astronomy, 8(2), 174-181. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-023-02147-x

@article{f5bb3a32e193408c9a55cd7667c56081,

title = "Diamond Precipitation Dynamics from Hydrocarbons at Icy Planet Interior Conditions",

abstract = "The pressure and temperature conditions at which precipitation of diamondoccurs from hydrocarbon mixtures is important for modelling the interiordynamics of icy planets. However, there is substantial disagreement fromlaboratory experiments, with those using dynamic compression techniquesfinding much more extreme conditions are required than in static compression.Here we report the time-resolved observation of diamond formation fromstatically compressed polystyrene, (C8H8)n, heated using the 4.5 MHz X-raypulse trains at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser facility. Diamondformation is observed above 2,500 K from 19 GPa to 27 GPa, conditionsrepresentative of Uranus{\textquoteright}s and Neptune{\textquoteright}s shallow interiors, on 30 μs to40 μs timescales. This is much slower than may be observed during the∼10 ns duration of typical dynamic compression experiments, revealingreaction kinetics to be the reason for the discrepancy. Reduced pressureand temperature conditions for diamond formation has implications for icyplanetary interiors, where diamond subduction leads to heating and could driveconvection in the conductive ice layer that has a role in their magnetic fields.",

keywords = "x-Ray diffraction, Extreme Conditions, Metal Transition, High-Pressures, Anvil Cell, Conductivity, Dissociation, Neptune, Science, Methane",

author = "Mungo Frost and McWilliams, {R Stewart} and Elena Bykova and Maxim Bykov and Husband, {Rachel J} and Andriambariarijaona, {Leon M} and Saiana Khandarkhaeva and Bernhard Massani and Karen Appel and Carsten Baehtz and Ball, {Orianna B} and Valerio Cerantola and Stella Chariton and Jinhyuk Choi and Hyunchae Cynn and Duff, {Matthew J} and Anand Dwivedi and Eric Edmund and Guillaume Fiquet and Heinz Graafsma and Huijeong Hwang and Nicolas Jaisle and Jaeyong Kim and Zuzana Konopkova and Torsten Laurus and Yongjae Lee and Hans-Peter Liermann and McHardy, {James D} and McMahon, {Malcolm I} and Guillaume Morard and Motoaki Nakatsutsumi and Nguyen, {Lan Anh} and Sandra Ninet and Prakapenka, {Vitali B} and Clemens Prescher and Ronald Redmer and Stephan Stern and Cornelius Strohm and Jolanta Sztuk-Dambietz and Monica Turcato and Zhongyan Wu and Glenzer, {Siegfried H} and Goncharov, {Alexander F}",

note = "Funding Information: We thank N. Hartley for fruitful discussions. This work was supported by US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Fusion Energy Sciences funding no. FWP100182. A.F.G. and E.E. are grateful for the support of Carnegie Science and NSF EAR-2049127. We acknowledge European XFEL in Schenefeld, Germany, for provision of X-ray free-electron laser beamtime at Scientific Instrument HED and thank the staff for their assistance. We acknowledge DESY (Hamburg, Germany), a member of the Helmholtz Association HGF, for the provision of experimental facilities. Parts of this research were carried out at PETRA III beamline P02.2. Beamtime was allocated from in-house beamtime from the beamline. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, for the US DOE, National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. S.N. and L.M.A. acknowledge financial support from Sorbonne University under grant Emergence HP-XFEL. Y.L. is grateful for support from the Leader Researcher programme (NRF-2018R1A3B1052042) of the Korean Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT). We are indebted to the HIBEF user consortium for the provision of instrumentation and staff that enabled this experiment. G.M. has been supported by a grant from Labex OSUG@2020 (Investissements d{\textquoteright}avenir - ANR10 LABX56) and PNP-INSU programme. M.B. acknowledges the support of Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG Emmy-Noether project BY112/2-1). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.",

year = "2024",

month = jan,

day = "8",

doi = "10.1038/s41550-023-02147-x",

language = "English",

volume = "8",

pages = "174--181",

journal = "Nature Astronomy",

issn = "2397-3366",

publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",

number = "2",

}

Frost, M, McWilliams, RS, Bykova, E, Bykov, M, Husband, RJ, Andriambariarijaona, LM, Khandarkhaeva, S, Massani, B, Appel, K, Baehtz, C, Ball, OB, Cerantola, V, Chariton, S, Choi, J, Cynn, H, Duff, MJ, Dwivedi, A, Edmund, E, Fiquet, G, Graafsma, H, Hwang, H, Jaisle, N, Kim, J, Konopkova, Z, Laurus, T, Lee, Y, Liermann, H-P, McHardy, JD, McMahon, MI, Morard, G, Nakatsutsumi, M, Nguyen, LA, Ninet, S, Prakapenka, VB, Prescher, C, Redmer, R, Stern, S, Strohm, C, Sztuk-Dambietz, J, Turcato, M, Wu, Z, Glenzer, SH & Goncharov, AF 2024, 'Diamond Precipitation Dynamics from Hydrocarbons at Icy Planet Interior Conditions', Nature Astronomy, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 174-181. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-023-02147-x

TY - JOUR

T1 - Diamond Precipitation Dynamics from Hydrocarbons at Icy Planet Interior Conditions

AU - Frost, Mungo

AU - McWilliams, R Stewart

AU - Bykova, Elena

AU - Bykov, Maxim

AU - Husband, Rachel J

AU - Andriambariarijaona, Leon M

AU - Khandarkhaeva, Saiana

AU - Massani, Bernhard

AU - Appel, Karen

AU - Baehtz, Carsten

AU - Ball, Orianna B

AU - Cerantola, Valerio

AU - Chariton, Stella

AU - Choi, Jinhyuk

AU - Cynn, Hyunchae

AU - Duff, Matthew J

AU - Dwivedi, Anand

AU - Edmund, Eric

AU - Fiquet, Guillaume

AU - Graafsma, Heinz

AU - Hwang, Huijeong

AU - Jaisle, Nicolas

AU - Kim, Jaeyong

AU - Konopkova, Zuzana

AU - Laurus, Torsten

AU - Lee, Yongjae

AU - Liermann, Hans-Peter

AU - McHardy, James D

AU - McMahon, Malcolm I

AU - Morard, Guillaume

AU - Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki

AU - Nguyen, Lan Anh

AU - Ninet, Sandra

AU - Prakapenka, Vitali B

AU - Prescher, Clemens

AU - Redmer, Ronald

AU - Stern, Stephan

AU - Strohm, Cornelius

AU - Sztuk-Dambietz, Jolanta

AU - Turcato, Monica

AU - Wu, Zhongyan

AU - Glenzer, Siegfried H

AU - Goncharov, Alexander F

N1 - Funding Information: We thank N. Hartley for fruitful discussions. This work was supported by US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Fusion Energy Sciences funding no. FWP100182. A.F.G. and E.E. are grateful for the support of Carnegie Science and NSF EAR-2049127. We acknowledge European XFEL in Schenefeld, Germany, for provision of X-ray free-electron laser beamtime at Scientific Instrument HED and thank the staff for their assistance. We acknowledge DESY (Hamburg, Germany), a member of the Helmholtz Association HGF, for the provision of experimental facilities. Parts of this research were carried out at PETRA III beamline P02.2. Beamtime was allocated from in-house beamtime from the beamline. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, for the US DOE, National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. S.N. and L.M.A. acknowledge financial support from Sorbonne University under grant Emergence HP-XFEL. Y.L. is grateful for support from the Leader Researcher programme (NRF-2018R1A3B1052042) of the Korean Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT). We are indebted to the HIBEF user consortium for the provision of instrumentation and staff that enabled this experiment. G.M. has been supported by a grant from Labex OSUG@2020 (Investissements d’avenir - ANR10 LABX56) and PNP-INSU programme. M.B. acknowledges the support of Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG Emmy-Noether project BY112/2-1). Publisher Copyright: © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

PY - 2024/1/8

Y1 - 2024/1/8

N2 - The pressure and temperature conditions at which precipitation of diamondoccurs from hydrocarbon mixtures is important for modelling the interiordynamics of icy planets. However, there is substantial disagreement fromlaboratory experiments, with those using dynamic compression techniquesfinding much more extreme conditions are required than in static compression.Here we report the time-resolved observation of diamond formation fromstatically compressed polystyrene, (C8H8)n, heated using the 4.5 MHz X-raypulse trains at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser facility. Diamondformation is observed above 2,500 K from 19 GPa to 27 GPa, conditionsrepresentative of Uranus’s and Neptune’s shallow interiors, on 30 μs to40 μs timescales. This is much slower than may be observed during the∼10 ns duration of typical dynamic compression experiments, revealingreaction kinetics to be the reason for the discrepancy. Reduced pressureand temperature conditions for diamond formation has implications for icyplanetary interiors, where diamond subduction leads to heating and could driveconvection in the conductive ice layer that has a role in their magnetic fields.

AB - The pressure and temperature conditions at which precipitation of diamondoccurs from hydrocarbon mixtures is important for modelling the interiordynamics of icy planets. However, there is substantial disagreement fromlaboratory experiments, with those using dynamic compression techniquesfinding much more extreme conditions are required than in static compression.Here we report the time-resolved observation of diamond formation fromstatically compressed polystyrene, (C8H8)n, heated using the 4.5 MHz X-raypulse trains at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser facility. Diamondformation is observed above 2,500 K from 19 GPa to 27 GPa, conditionsrepresentative of Uranus’s and Neptune’s shallow interiors, on 30 μs to40 μs timescales. This is much slower than may be observed during the∼10 ns duration of typical dynamic compression experiments, revealingreaction kinetics to be the reason for the discrepancy. Reduced pressureand temperature conditions for diamond formation has implications for icyplanetary interiors, where diamond subduction leads to heating and could driveconvection in the conductive ice layer that has a role in their magnetic fields.

KW - x-Ray diffraction

KW - Extreme Conditions

KW - Metal Transition

KW - High-Pressures

KW - Anvil Cell

KW - Conductivity

KW - Dissociation

KW - Neptune

KW - Science

KW - Methane

UR - http://10.1038/s41550-024-02205-y

U2 - 10.1038/s41550-023-02147-x

DO - 10.1038/s41550-023-02147-x

M3 - Article

SN - 2397-3366

VL - 8

SP - 174

EP - 181

JO - Nature Astronomy

JF - Nature Astronomy

IS - 2

ER -

Diamond Precipitation Dynamics from Hydrocarbons at Icy Planet Interior Conditions

Abstract / Description of output

Keywords / Materials (for Non-textual outputs)

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TRIREME: TRansport in the InterioR of the Earth from Modelling and Experiments

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Diamond Precipitation Dynamics from Hydrocarbons at Icy Planet Interior Conditions

Abstract / Description of output

Keywords / Materials (for Non-textual outputs)

Access to Document

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Projects

TRIREME: TRansport in the InterioR of the Earth from Modelling and Experiments

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