Does Shareholder Litigation Risk Cause Public Firms to Delist? Evidence from Securities Class Action Lawsuits

This paper examines whether shareholder litigation contributes to the decline in the number of U.S. stock market listings. We find that higher litigation risk induces firms to delist. We establish causality using three exogenous shocks to ex-ante litigation risk, including federal judge ideology and two influential judicial precedents. We find that the effect is at least partially driven by indirect costs of litigation and that being private can significantly reduce the threat of litigation. The results suggest that mitigating excessive litigation costs for public firms is crucial to ensure the continued vibrancy of the U.S. stock market.