@article{eab80a3ac4c94211a9a5a59e6d4a4cd9,
title = "Encapsulated bacteria deform lipid vesicles into flagellated swimmers",
abstract = " We study a synthetic system of motile Escherichia coli bacteria encapsulated inside giant lipid vesicles. Forces exerted by the bacteria on the inner side of the membrane are sufficient to extrude membrane tubes filled with one or several bacteria. We show that a physical coupling between the membrane tube and the flagella of the enclosed cells transforms the tube into an effective helical flagellum propelling the vesicle. We develop a simple theoretical model to estimate the propulsive force from the speed of the vesicles, and demonstrate the good efficiency of this coupling mechanism. Together, these results point to novel design principles for conferring motility to synthetic cells. ",
keywords = "cond-mat.soft, physics.bio-ph, Artificial Cells/microbiology, Membranes, Artificial, Lipids, Escherichia coli/cytology, Flagella/physiology, Cytoplasmic Vesicles/microbiology",
author = "Nagard, {Lucas Le} and Brown, {Aidan T.} and Angela Dawson and Martinez, {Vincent A.} and Poon, {Wilson C. K.} and Margarita Staykova",
note = "9 pages, 5 figures Funding Information: We thank Jochen Arlt, Alexander Morozov, Natasha Rigby, Andrew Schofield, and Tracy Scott for helpful discussions. This work is a part of a Royal Society Academies Partnership in Supporting Excellence in Cross-disciplinary research award (APX/R1/191020 to M.S., W.C.K.P., and A.T.B.). L.L.N. is funded by Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Centre for Doctoral Training in Soft Matter and Functional Interfaces (Grant EP/L015536/1). A.T.B. is funded by an EPSRC Innovation Fellowship (Grant EP/S001255/1). A.T.B. and W.C.K.P. are funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council National Biofilms Innovation Centre (Grant BB/R012415/1). Funding Information: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. We thank Jochen Arlt, Alexander Morozov, Natasha Rigby, Andrew Schofield, and Tracy Scott for helpful discussions. This work is a part of a Royal Society Academies Partnership in Supporting Excellence in Cross-disciplinary research award (APX/R1/191020 to M.S., W.C.K.P., and A.T.B.). L.L.N. is funded by Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Centre for Doctoral Training in Soft Matter and Functional Interfaces (Grant EP/L015536/1). A.T.B. is funded by an EPSRC Innovation Fellowship (Grant EP/S001255/1). A.T.B. and W.C.K.P. are funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council National Biofilms Innovation Centre (Grant BB/R012415/1). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.",
year = "2022",
month = aug,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1073/pnas.2206096119",
language = "English",
volume = "119",
pages = "1--7",
journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)",
issn = "0027-8424",
publisher = "National Academy of Sciences",
number = "34",
}