Equine Neuro-ophthalmology

Equine neuro-ophthalmology is emerging and diseases causing neuro-ophthalmic deficits are being more frequently reported in veterinary medicine. This chapter focuses on the basic understanding of the neuroanatomic pathways and their clinical assessments, which permit localizing the lesion in the nervous system and therefore having a neuroanatomic diagnosis. It reviews the neuro-ophthalmic anatomy and function, and the clinical examination. The aim of the neuro-ophthalmic examination is to detect if there are any ophthalmologic dysfunctions related to a disorder affecting the nervous system. The chapter also describes the disorders related to post-retinal visual deficits, post-retinal pupillary dysfunction, abnormal eye movements, abnormal eyeball position, neurogenic keratoconjuctivitis sicca, neurotrophic keratitis, facial nerve dysfunction, middle cranial fossa syndrome, and photic headshaking.