Establishing the Rationale for a Digital Twin Framework in the Built Environment

Abstract: Digital Twins (DT) have the potential to transform the Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operation (AECO) industry by improving project efficiency, decision-making, and long-term asset management, yet their adoption remains fragmented due to the absence of a structured framework aligned with industry-standard workflows. Existing methodologies, such as the RIBA Plan of Work and associated Overlays, provide guidance for project delivery but do not explicitly integrate DT considerations. The role of Collaborative Procurement (CP) in enabling DT uptake remains underexplored despite its recognised contributions to improving project outcomes. This paper establishes the rationale for a dedicated DT framework tailored to the built environment by synthesising cross-industry insights, evaluating current methodologies, and identifying key characteristics that support early-stage DT integration, data continuity, and long-term stakeholder collaboration. A proactive approach, anchored in CP principles, ensures DT adoption is embedded from project inception, preventing fragmented implementation and unlocking its full potential. As climate resilience and net-zero targets become fundamental industry drivers, a structured DT framework ensures that digital innovation actively contributes to improved energy performance, lifecycle efficiency, and broader sustainability goals. This paper reinforces the need for a scalable and adaptable framework that supports coherent DT adoption and enhances efficiency, resilience, and sustainability across the AECO sector.