Evaluation of factors associated with retained surgical sponges in veterinary patients: a survey of veterinary practitioners

Objectives:
To evaluate factors that could be associated with retained surgical sponges in veterinary patients.
Materials and Methods:
A survey was distributed to 322 veterinarians attending a national veterinary
conference in the UK. The survey included questions about the staff, scheduling, type of surgical procedure, surgical sponges, methods to track surgical sponges and details of clinical cases with retained surgical sponges.
Results:
The response rate was 64 of 322 (19%). Lack of designated scheduled time for surgical procedures was reported by 30% of respondents and was variable for 31%. More than half of respondents (66%) had two people involved in each surgical procedure. The majority of respondents sterilised their own surgical sponges (91%) and used non-radiopaque surgical sponges (56%). Sponges were not counted by 27% of respondents and only occasionally by 20%. Sponge count was not recorded by 70% of respondents. The majority (66%) did not use or have a surgical checklist. Lack of awareness of gossypibomas was reported by 11% of respondents. In all, 27% of respondents were aware of at least one case of retained surgical sponge. Of the 17 cases reported, 14 were small animals. The abdomen was the most common anatomical location for retained surgical sponges and followed elective neutering.
Clinical Significance:
Despite the low-response rate, our results suggest that methods of surveillance
might reduce the incidence of retained surgical sponges. Lack of specifically scheduled time for surgery, few theatre staff and lack of sponge counting and documentation may have contributed to the17 retained surgical sponge cases reported