@article{8729ffdf7dd742e9b0f68479adab2942,
title = "Explaining daily energy demand in British housing using linked smart meter and socio-technical data in a bottom-up statistical model",
abstract = "This paper investigates factors associated with variation in daily total (electricity and gas) energy consumption in domestic buildings using linked pre-COVID-19 smart meter, weather, building thermal characteristics, and socio-technical survey data covering appliance ownership, demographics, behaviours, and attitudes for two nested sub-samples of 1418 and 682 British households selected from the Smart Energy Research Laboratory (SERL) Observatory panel. Linear mixed effects modelling resulted in adjusted R2 between 63% and 80% depending on sample size and combinations of contextual data used. Increased daily energy consumption was significantly associated (p-value ",
keywords = "Building, Energy, Heating, Gas, Electricity, Demand, Consumption, Household, Residential, Domestic, Smart meter, Daily, Longitudinal, Regression, Mixed effects, Random effects, Survey, Energy performance certificate, Weather, Temperature, Solar radiation, Building physics, Sociodemographic, Occupant, Behaviour, Attitudes",
author = "Eoghan McKenna and Jessica Few and Ellen Webborn and Ben Anderson and Simon Elam and David Shipworth and Adam Cooper and Martin Pullinger and Tadj Oreszczyn",
note = "Funding Information: This work has been funded by EPSRC through grant EP/P032761/1. There are over 30 individuals across 8 organisations in the SERL Consortium (University College London, the University of Essex (UK Data Archive), University of Edinburgh, Cardiff University, Loughborough University, Leeds Beckett University, the University of Southampton and the Energy Saving Trust) who have contributed to the development of SERL and thus the content of this paper. Particular thanks go to the SERL technical team at the UK Data Archive: Darren Bell, Deirdre Lungley, Martin Randall and Jacob Joy and to SERL Consortium Manager James O'Toole at UCL. We acknowledge support from the SERL Independent Advisory Board, Data Governance Board and Research Programme Board which played critical role in the establishment and ethical operation of SERL. The SERL Observatory includes European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 data. Neither the European Commission nor the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus information or data it contains. Funding Information: This work has been funded by EPSRC through grant EP/P032761/1. There are over 30 individuals across 8 organisations in the SERL Consortium ( University College London , the University of Essex (UK Data Archive), University of Edinburgh, Cardiff University, Loughborough University, Leeds Beckett University, the University of Southampton and the Energy Saving Trust) who have contributed to the development of SERL and thus the content of this paper. Particular thanks go to the SERL technical team at the UK Data Archive: Darren Bell, Deirdre Lungley, Martin Randall and Jacob Joy and to SERL Consortium Manager James O{\textquoteright}Toole at UCL. Funding Information: We acknowledge support from the SERL Independent Advisory Board, Data Governance Board and Research Programme Board which played critical role in the establishment and ethical operation of SERL. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Elsevier B.V.",
year = "2022",
month = mar,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.111845",
language = "English",
volume = "258",
journal = "Energy and buildings",
issn = "0378-7788",
publisher = "Elsevier",
}