Extracellularly truncated desmoglein 1 compromises desmosomes in MDCK cells

The formation and stability of epithelial tissue involves cell adhesion and the connection of the intermediate filaments of contiguous cells, mediated by desmosomes. The cadherin family members Desmocollins (Dsc) and Desmogleins (Dsg) mediate desmosome extracellular adhesion. The main intracellular molecules identified linking Dscs and Dsgs with the intermediate filament network are Plakoglobin (PG), Plakophilins (PPs) and Desmoplakin (DP). Previous studies on desmosome-mediated adhesion have focused on the intracellular domains of Dsc and Dsg because of their capacity to interact with PG, PPs and DP. This study examines the role of the extracellular domain of Dsg1 upon desmosome stability in MDCK cells. Dsg1 was constructed containing an extracellular deletion (DsgΔ1EC) and was expressed in MDCK cells. A high expressor DsgΔ1EC/MDCK clone was obtained and analysed for its capacity to form desmosomes in cell monolayers and when growing under mechanical stress in three-dimensional collagen cultures. Phenotypic changes associated with the ectopic expression of Dsg1ΔEC in MDCK cells were: disturbance of the cytokerakin network, a change in the quality and number of desmosomes and impairment of the formation of cysts in suspension cultures. Interestingly, Dsg1ΔEC was not localized in desmosomes, but was still able to maintain its intracytoplasmic interaction with PG, suggesting that the disruptive effects were largely due to PG and/or PP sequestration.