TY - JOUR
T1 - Factors associated with anxiety disorder comorbidity
AU - Davies, Molly R
AU - Glen, Kiran
AU - Mundy, Jessica
AU - Ter Kuile, Abigail R
AU - Adey, Brett N
AU - Armour, Chérie
AU - Assary, Elham
AU - Coleman, Jonathan R I
AU - Goldsmith, Kimberley A
AU - Hirsch, Colette R
AU - Hotopf, Matthew
AU - Hübel, Christopher
AU - Jones, Ian R
AU - Kalsi, Gursharan
AU - Krebs, Georgina
AU - McIntosh, Andrew M
AU - Morneau-Vaillancourt, Geneviève
AU - Peel, Alicia J
AU - Purves, Kirstin L
AU - Lee, Sang Hyuck
AU - Skelton, Megan
AU - Smith, Daniel J
AU - Veale, David
AU - Walters, James T R
AU - Young, Katherine S
AU - Zvrskovec, Johan
AU - Breen, Gerome
AU - Eley, Thalia C
N1 - Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2022/11/26
Y1 - 2022/11/26
N2 - BACKGROUND: Anxiety and depressive disorders often co-occur and the order of their emergence may be associated with different clinical outcomes. However, minimal research has been conducted on anxiety-anxiety comorbidity. This study examined factors associated with anxiety comorbidity and anxiety-MDD temporal sequence.METHODS: Online, self-report data were collected from the UK-based GLAD and COPING NBR cohorts (N = 38,775). Logistic regression analyses compared differences in sociodemographic, trauma, and clinical factors between single anxiety, anxiety-anxiety comorbidity, anxiety-MDD (major depressive disorder) comorbidity, and MDD-only. Additionally, anxiety-first and MDD-first anxiety-MDD were compared. Differences in familial risk were assessed in those participants with self-reported family history or genotype data.RESULTS: Anxiety-anxiety and anxiety-MDD had higher rates of self-reported anxiety or depressive disorder diagnoses, younger age of onset, and higher recurrence than single anxiety. Anxiety-MDD displayed greater clinical severity/complexity than MDD only. Anxiety-anxiety had more severe current anxiety symptoms, less severe current depressive symptoms, and reduced likelihood of self-reporting an anxiety/depressive disorder diagnosis than anxiety-MDD. Anxiety-first anxiety-MDD had a younger age of onset, more severe anxiety symptoms, and less likelihood of self-reporting a diagnosis than MDD-first. Minimal differences in familial risk were found.LIMITATIONS: Self-report, retrospective measures may introduce recall bias. The familial risk analyses were likely underpowered.CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety-anxiety comorbidity displayed a similarly severe and complex profile of symptoms as anxiety-MDD but distinct features. For anxiety-MDD, first-onset anxiety had an earlier age of onset and greater severity than MDD-first. Anxiety disorders and comorbidity warrant further investigation and attention in research and practice.
AB - BACKGROUND: Anxiety and depressive disorders often co-occur and the order of their emergence may be associated with different clinical outcomes. However, minimal research has been conducted on anxiety-anxiety comorbidity. This study examined factors associated with anxiety comorbidity and anxiety-MDD temporal sequence.METHODS: Online, self-report data were collected from the UK-based GLAD and COPING NBR cohorts (N = 38,775). Logistic regression analyses compared differences in sociodemographic, trauma, and clinical factors between single anxiety, anxiety-anxiety comorbidity, anxiety-MDD (major depressive disorder) comorbidity, and MDD-only. Additionally, anxiety-first and MDD-first anxiety-MDD were compared. Differences in familial risk were assessed in those participants with self-reported family history or genotype data.RESULTS: Anxiety-anxiety and anxiety-MDD had higher rates of self-reported anxiety or depressive disorder diagnoses, younger age of onset, and higher recurrence than single anxiety. Anxiety-MDD displayed greater clinical severity/complexity than MDD only. Anxiety-anxiety had more severe current anxiety symptoms, less severe current depressive symptoms, and reduced likelihood of self-reporting an anxiety/depressive disorder diagnosis than anxiety-MDD. Anxiety-first anxiety-MDD had a younger age of onset, more severe anxiety symptoms, and less likelihood of self-reporting a diagnosis than MDD-first. Minimal differences in familial risk were found.LIMITATIONS: Self-report, retrospective measures may introduce recall bias. The familial risk analyses were likely underpowered.CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety-anxiety comorbidity displayed a similarly severe and complex profile of symptoms as anxiety-MDD but distinct features. For anxiety-MDD, first-onset anxiety had an earlier age of onset and greater severity than MDD-first. Anxiety disorders and comorbidity warrant further investigation and attention in research and practice.
U2 - 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.051
DO - 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.051
M3 - Article
C2 - 36442657
JO - Journal of Affective Disorders (JAD)
JF - Journal of Affective Disorders (JAD)
SN - 0165-0327
ER -