Functional annotation of the T cell immunoglobulin mucin (TIM) family in birds

T cell immunoglobulin and mucin (TIM) family molecules are cell membrane proteins, preferentially expressed on various immune cells and implicated in recognition and clearance of apoptotic cells. Little is known of their function outside human and mouse, and nothing outside mammals. We identified only two TIM genes (chTIM) in the chicken genome, putative orthologues of mammalian TIM1 and TIM4, and cloned the respective cDNAs. Like mammalian TIM1, chTIM1 expression was restricted to lymphoid tissues and immune cells. ChTIM4 encodes at least five splice variants with distinct expression profiles that also varied between strains of chicken. ChTIM4 expression was detected in myeloid antigen-presenting cells (APC), and in γδ T cells, whereas mammalian TIM4 is not expressed in T cells. Like the mammalian proteins, chTIM1 and chTIM4 fusion proteins bound to phosphatidylserine (PS), and are thereby implicated in recognition of apoptotic cells. The chTIM4-Ig fusion protein also had costimulatory activity on chicken T cells, suggesting a function in antigen presentation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.