Gliese 12 b, a temperate Earth-sized planet at 12 parsecs discovered with TESS and CHEOPS

Shishir Dholakia; Larissa Palethorpe; Alexander Venner; Annelies Mortier; Thomas G. Wilson; Chelsea X. Huang; Ken Rice; Vincent Van Eylen; Emma Nabbie; Ryan Cloutier; Walter Boschin; David Ciardi; Laetitia Delrez; Georgina Dransfield; Elsa Ducrot; Zahra Essack; Mark E. Everett; Michaël Gillon; Matthew J. Hooton; Michelle Kunimoto; David W. Latham; Mercedes López-Morales; Bin Li; Fan Li; Scott McDermott; Simon Murphy; Catriona A. Murray; Sara Seager; Mathilde Timmermans; Amaury Triaud; Daisy A. Turner; Joseph D. Twicken; Andrew Vanderburg; Su Wang; Robert A. Wittenmyer; Duncan Wright

doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1152

Gliese 12 b, a temperate Earth-sized planet at 12 parsecs discovered with TESS and CHEOPS

Shishir Dholakia^*, Larissa Palethorpe^*, Alexander Venner, Annelies Mortier, Thomas G. Wilson, Chelsea X. Huang, Ken Rice, Vincent Van Eylen, Emma Nabbie, Ryan Cloutier, Walter Boschin, David Ciardi, Laetitia Delrez, Georgina Dransfield, Elsa Ducrot, Zahra Essack, Mark E. Everett, Michaël Gillon, Matthew J. Hooton, Michelle KunimotoDavid W. Latham, Mercedes López-Morales, Bin Li, Fan Li, Scott McDermott, Simon Murphy, Catriona A. Murray, Sara Seager, Mathilde Timmermans, Amaury Triaud, Daisy A. Turner, Joseph D. Twicken, Andrew Vanderburg, Su Wang, Robert A. Wittenmyer, Duncan Wright

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Physics and Astronomy

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

We report on the discovery of Gliese 12 b, the nearest transiting temperate, Earth-sized planet found to date. Gliese 12 is a bright (V = 12.6 mag, K = 7.8 mag) metal-poor M4V star only 12.162 ± 0.005 pc away from the Solar system with one of the lowest stellar activity levels known for M-dwarfs. A planet candidate was detected by TESS based on only 3 transits in sectors 42, 43, and 57, with an ambiguity in the orbital period due to observational gaps. We performed follow-up transit observations with CHEOPS and ground-based photometry with MINERVA-Australis, SPECULOOS, and Purple Mountain Observatory, as well as further TESS observations in sector 70. We statistically validate Gliese 12 b as a planet with an orbital period of 12.76144 ± 0.00006 d and a radius of 1.0 ± 0.1 R⊕, resulting in an equilibrium temperature of ∼315 K. Gliese 12 b has excellent future prospects for precise mass measurement, which may inform how planetary internal structure is affected by the stellar compositional environment. Gliese 12 b also represents one of the best targets to study whether Earth-like planets orbiting cool stars can retain their atmospheres, a crucial step to advance our understanding of habitability on Earth and across the galaxy.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1276-1293
Number of pages	18
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	531
Issue number	1
Early online date	23 May 2024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1152
Publication status	Published - 1 Jun 2024

Keywords / Materials (for Non-textual outputs)

planets and satellites: detection
planets and satellites
terrestrial planets
techniques: photometric
stars: individual: Gliese 12
planets and satellites: individual: Gliese 12 b

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10.1093/mnras/stae1152Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC-BY)

https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.13118Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC-BY)

Astronomy And Astrophysics At Edinburgh
Best, P. (Principal Investigator)
1/04/21 → 31/03/25
Project: Research

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Dholakia, S., Palethorpe, L., Venner, A., Mortier, A., Wilson, T. G., Huang, C. X., Rice, K., Eylen, V. V., Nabbie, E., Cloutier, R., Boschin, W., Ciardi, D., Delrez, L., Dransfield, G., Ducrot, E., Essack, Z., Everett, M. E., Gillon, M., Hooton, M. J., ... Wright, D. (2024). Gliese 12 b, a temperate Earth-sized planet at 12 parsecs discovered with TESS and CHEOPS. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 531(1), 1276-1293. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1152

@article{e7411eb0408443629708b4856b1d057e,

title = "Gliese 12 b, a temperate Earth-sized planet at 12 parsecs discovered with TESS and CHEOPS",

abstract = "We report on the discovery of Gliese 12 b, the nearest transiting temperate, Earth-sized planet found to date. Gliese 12 is a bright (V = 12.6 mag, K = 7.8 mag) metal-poor M4V star only 12.162 ± 0.005 pc away from the Solar system with one of the lowest stellar activity levels known for M-dwarfs. A planet candidate was detected by TESS based on only 3 transits in sectors 42, 43, and 57, with an ambiguity in the orbital period due to observational gaps. We performed follow-up transit observations with CHEOPS and ground-based photometry with MINERVA-Australis, SPECULOOS, and Purple Mountain Observatory, as well as further TESS observations in sector 70. We statistically validate Gliese 12 b as a planet with an orbital period of 12.76144 ± 0.00006 d and a radius of 1.0 ± 0.1 R⊕, resulting in an equilibrium temperature of ∼315 K. Gliese 12 b has excellent future prospects for precise mass measurement, which may inform how planetary internal structure is affected by the stellar compositional environment. Gliese 12 b also represents one of the best targets to study whether Earth-like planets orbiting cool stars can retain their atmospheres, a crucial step to advance our understanding of habitability on Earth and across the galaxy.",

keywords = "planets and satellites: detection, planets and satellites, terrestrial planets, techniques: photometric, stars: individual: Gliese 12, planets and satellites: individual: Gliese 12 b",

author = "Shishir Dholakia and Larissa Palethorpe and Alexander Venner and Annelies Mortier and Wilson, {Thomas G.} and Huang, {Chelsea X.} and Ken Rice and Eylen, {Vincent Van} and Emma Nabbie and Ryan Cloutier and Walter Boschin and David Ciardi and Laetitia Delrez and Georgina Dransfield and Elsa Ducrot and Zahra Essack and Everett, {Mark E.} and Micha{\"e}l Gillon and Hooton, {Matthew J.} and Michelle Kunimoto and Latham, {David W.} and Mercedes L{\'o}pez-Morales and Bin Li and Fan Li and Scott McDermott and Simon Murphy and Murray, {Catriona A.} and Sara Seager and Mathilde Timmermans and Amaury Triaud and Turner, {Daisy A.} and Twicken, {Joseph D.} and Andrew Vanderburg and Su Wang and Wittenmyer, {Robert A.} and Duncan Wright",

note = "19 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS, Authors Shishir Dholakia and Larissa Palethorpe contributed equally",

year = "2024",

month = jun,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stae1152",

language = "English",

volume = "531",

pages = "1276--1293",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ",

issn = "0035-8711",

publisher = "Oxford University Press",

number = "1",

}

Dholakia, S, Palethorpe, L, Venner, A, Mortier, A, Wilson, TG, Huang, CX, Rice, K , Eylen, VV, Nabbie, E, Cloutier, R, Boschin, W, Ciardi, D, Delrez, L, Dransfield, G, Ducrot, E, Essack, Z, Everett, ME, Gillon, M, Hooton, MJ, Kunimoto, M, Latham, DW, López-Morales, M, Li, B, Li, F, McDermott, S, Murphy, S, Murray, CA, Seager, S, Timmermans, M, Triaud, A, Turner, DA, Twicken, JD, Vanderburg, A, Wang, S, Wittenmyer, RA & Wright, D 2024, 'Gliese 12 b, a temperate Earth-sized planet at 12 parsecs discovered with TESS and CHEOPS', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , vol. 531, no. 1, pp. 1276-1293. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1152

TY - JOUR

T1 - Gliese 12 b, a temperate Earth-sized planet at 12 parsecs discovered with TESS and CHEOPS

AU - Dholakia, Shishir

AU - Palethorpe, Larissa

AU - Venner, Alexander

AU - Mortier, Annelies

AU - Wilson, Thomas G.

AU - Huang, Chelsea X.

AU - Rice, Ken

AU - Eylen, Vincent Van

AU - Nabbie, Emma

AU - Cloutier, Ryan

AU - Boschin, Walter

AU - Ciardi, David

AU - Delrez, Laetitia

AU - Dransfield, Georgina

AU - Ducrot, Elsa

AU - Essack, Zahra

AU - Everett, Mark E.

AU - Gillon, Michaël

AU - Hooton, Matthew J.

AU - Kunimoto, Michelle

AU - Latham, David W.

AU - López-Morales, Mercedes

AU - Li, Bin

AU - Li, Fan

AU - McDermott, Scott

AU - Murphy, Simon

AU - Murray, Catriona A.

AU - Seager, Sara

AU - Timmermans, Mathilde

AU - Triaud, Amaury

AU - Turner, Daisy A.

AU - Twicken, Joseph D.

AU - Vanderburg, Andrew

AU - Wang, Su

AU - Wittenmyer, Robert A.

AU - Wright, Duncan

N1 - 19 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS, Authors Shishir Dholakia and Larissa Palethorpe contributed equally

PY - 2024/6/1

Y1 - 2024/6/1

N2 - We report on the discovery of Gliese 12 b, the nearest transiting temperate, Earth-sized planet found to date. Gliese 12 is a bright (V = 12.6 mag, K = 7.8 mag) metal-poor M4V star only 12.162 ± 0.005 pc away from the Solar system with one of the lowest stellar activity levels known for M-dwarfs. A planet candidate was detected by TESS based on only 3 transits in sectors 42, 43, and 57, with an ambiguity in the orbital period due to observational gaps. We performed follow-up transit observations with CHEOPS and ground-based photometry with MINERVA-Australis, SPECULOOS, and Purple Mountain Observatory, as well as further TESS observations in sector 70. We statistically validate Gliese 12 b as a planet with an orbital period of 12.76144 ± 0.00006 d and a radius of 1.0 ± 0.1 R⊕, resulting in an equilibrium temperature of ∼315 K. Gliese 12 b has excellent future prospects for precise mass measurement, which may inform how planetary internal structure is affected by the stellar compositional environment. Gliese 12 b also represents one of the best targets to study whether Earth-like planets orbiting cool stars can retain their atmospheres, a crucial step to advance our understanding of habitability on Earth and across the galaxy.

AB - We report on the discovery of Gliese 12 b, the nearest transiting temperate, Earth-sized planet found to date. Gliese 12 is a bright (V = 12.6 mag, K = 7.8 mag) metal-poor M4V star only 12.162 ± 0.005 pc away from the Solar system with one of the lowest stellar activity levels known for M-dwarfs. A planet candidate was detected by TESS based on only 3 transits in sectors 42, 43, and 57, with an ambiguity in the orbital period due to observational gaps. We performed follow-up transit observations with CHEOPS and ground-based photometry with MINERVA-Australis, SPECULOOS, and Purple Mountain Observatory, as well as further TESS observations in sector 70. We statistically validate Gliese 12 b as a planet with an orbital period of 12.76144 ± 0.00006 d and a radius of 1.0 ± 0.1 R⊕, resulting in an equilibrium temperature of ∼315 K. Gliese 12 b has excellent future prospects for precise mass measurement, which may inform how planetary internal structure is affected by the stellar compositional environment. Gliese 12 b also represents one of the best targets to study whether Earth-like planets orbiting cool stars can retain their atmospheres, a crucial step to advance our understanding of habitability on Earth and across the galaxy.

KW - planets and satellites: detection

KW - planets and satellites

KW - terrestrial planets

KW - techniques: photometric

KW - stars: individual: Gliese 12

KW - planets and satellites: individual: Gliese 12 b

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stae1152

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stae1152

M3 - Article

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 531

SP - 1276

EP - 1293

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 1

ER -

Gliese 12 b, a temperate Earth-sized planet at 12 parsecs discovered with TESS and CHEOPS

Abstract

Keywords / Materials (for Non-textual outputs)

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Astronomy And Astrophysics At Edinburgh

Cite this