Hydrogen Intensity and Real-Time Analysis Experiment: 256-element array status and overview

Devin Crichton; Moumita Aich; Adam Amara; Kevin Bandura; Bruce A. Bassett; Carlos Bengaly; Pascale Berner; Shruti Bhatporia; Martin Bucher; Tzu-Ching Chang; H. Cynthia Chiang; Jean-Francois Cliche; Carolyn Crichton; Romeel Dave; Dirk I. L. De Villiers; Matt Dobbs; Aaron M. Ewall-Wice; Scott Eyono; Christopher Finlay; Sindhu Gaddam; Ken Ganga; Kevin G. Gayley; Kit Gerodias; Tim B. Gibbon; Austine Gumba; Neeraj Gupta; Maile Harris; Heiko Heilgendorff; Matt Hilton; Adam D. Hincks; Pascal Hitz; Mona Jalilvand; Roufurd P. M. Julie; Zahra Kader; Joseph Kania; Dionysios Karagiannis; Aris Karastergiou; Kabelo Kesebonye; Piyanat Kittiwisit; Jean-Paul Kneib; Kenda Knowles; Emily R. Kuhn; Martin Kunz; Roy Maartens; Vincent MacKay; Stuart MacPherson; Christian Monstein; Kavilan Moodley; V Mugundhan; Warren Naidoo; Arun Naidu; Laura B. Newburgh; Viraj Nistane; Amanda Di Nitto; Deniz Olcek; Xinyu Pan; Sourabh Paul; Jeffrey B. Peterson; Elizabeth Pieters; Carla Pieterse; Aritha Pillay; Anna R. Polish; Liantsoa Randrianjanahary; Alexandre Refregier; Andre Renard; Edwin Retana-Montenegro; Ian H. Rout; Cyndie Russeeawon; Alireza Vafaei Sadr; Benjamin R. B. Saliwanchik; Ajith Sampath; Pranav Sanghavi; Mario G. Santos; Onkabetse Sengate; J. Richard Shawa; Jonathan L. Sievers; Oleg M. Smirnov; Kendrick M. Smith; Ulrich Armel Mbou Sob; Raghunathan Srianand; Pieter Stronkhorst; Dhaneshwar D. Sunder; Simon Tartakovsky; Russ Taylor; Peter Timbie; Emma E. Tolley; Junaid Townsend; Will Tyndall; Cornelius Ungerer; Jacques van Dyk; Gary van Vuuren; Keith Vanderlinde; Thierry Viant; Anthony Walters; Jingying Wang; Amanda Weltman; Patrick Woudt; Dallas Wulf; Anatoly Zavyalov; Zheng Zhang

doi:10.1117/1.JATIS.8.1.011019

Hydrogen Intensity and Real-Time Analysis Experiment: 256-element array status and overview

Devin Crichton^*, Moumita Aich, Adam Amara, Kevin Bandura, Bruce A. Bassett, Carlos Bengaly, Pascale Berner, Shruti Bhatporia, Martin Bucher, Tzu-Ching Chang, H. Cynthia Chiang, Jean-Francois Cliche, Carolyn Crichton, Romeel Dave, Dirk I. L. De Villiers, Matt Dobbs, Aaron M. Ewall-Wice, Scott Eyono, Christopher Finlay, Sindhu GaddamKen Ganga, Kevin G. Gayley, Kit Gerodias, Tim B. Gibbon, Austine Gumba, Neeraj Gupta, Maile Harris, Heiko Heilgendorff, Matt Hilton, Adam D. Hincks, Pascal Hitz, Mona Jalilvand, Roufurd P. M. Julie, Zahra Kader, Joseph Kania, Dionysios Karagiannis, Aris Karastergiou, Kabelo Kesebonye, Piyanat Kittiwisit, Jean-Paul Kneib, Kenda Knowles, Emily R. Kuhn, Martin Kunz, Roy Maartens, Vincent MacKay, Stuart MacPherson, Christian Monstein, Kavilan Moodley, V Mugundhan, Warren Naidoo, Arun Naidu, Laura B. Newburgh, Viraj Nistane, Amanda Di Nitto, Deniz Olcek, Xinyu Pan, Sourabh Paul, Jeffrey B. Peterson, Elizabeth Pieters, Carla Pieterse, Aritha Pillay, Anna R. Polish, Liantsoa Randrianjanahary, Alexandre Refregier, Andre Renard, Edwin Retana-Montenegro, Ian H. Rout, Cyndie Russeeawon, Alireza Vafaei Sadr, Benjamin R. B. Saliwanchik, Ajith Sampath, Pranav Sanghavi, Mario G. Santos, Onkabetse Sengate, J. Richard Shawa, Jonathan L. Sievers, Oleg M. Smirnov, Kendrick M. Smith, Ulrich Armel Mbou Sob, Raghunathan Srianand, Pieter Stronkhorst, Dhaneshwar D. Sunder, Simon Tartakovsky, Russ Taylor, Peter Timbie, Emma E. Tolley, Junaid Townsend, Will Tyndall, Cornelius Ungerer, Jacques van Dyk, Gary van Vuuren, Keith Vanderlinde, Thierry Viant, Anthony Walters, Jingying Wang, Amanda Weltman, Patrick Woudt, Dallas Wulf, Anatoly Zavyalov, Zheng Zhang

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Physics and Astronomy

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract / Description of output

The Hydrogen Intensity and Real-time Analysis Experiment (HIRAX) is a radio interferometer array currently in development, with an initial 256-element array to be deployed at the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory Square Kilometer Array site in South Africa. Each of the 6 m, f / 0.23 dishes will be instrumented with dual-polarization feeds operating over a frequency range of 400 to 800 MHz. Through intensity mapping of the 21 cm emission line of neutral hydrogen, HIRAX will provide a cosmological survey of the distribution of large-scale structure over the redshift range of 0.775 < z < 2.55 over ∼15,000 square degrees of the southern sky. The statistical power of such a survey is sufficient to produce ∼7 % constraints on the dark energy equation of state parameter when combined with measurements from the Planck satellite. Additionally, HIRAX will provide a highly competitive platform for radio transient and HI absorber science while enabling a multitude of cross-correlation studies. We describe the science goals of the experiment, overview of the design and status of the subcomponents of the telescope system, and describe the expected performance of the initial 256-element array as well as the planned future expansion to the final, 1024-element array.

Original language	English
Article number	011019
Pages (from-to)	1-19
Number of pages	19
Journal	Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems (JATIS)
Volume	8
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JATIS.8.1.011019
Publication status	Published - 12 Jan 2022

Keywords / Materials (for Non-textual outputs)

21 cm
intensity mapping
cosmology
dark energy
radio transients
interferometers

Access to Document

10.1117/1.JATIS.8.1.011019

https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.13755Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC-BY)

Cite this

Crichton, D., Aich, M., Amara, A., Bandura, K., Bassett, B. A., Bengaly, C., Berner, P., Bhatporia, S., Bucher, M., Chang, T.-C., Chiang, H. C., Cliche, J.-F., Crichton, C., Dave, R., De Villiers, D. I. L., Dobbs, M., Ewall-Wice, A. M., Eyono, S., Finlay, C., ... Zhang, Z. (2022). Hydrogen Intensity and Real-Time Analysis Experiment: 256-element array status and overview. Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems (JATIS), 8(1), 1-19. Article 011019. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JATIS.8.1.011019

@article{c3530f73aa474733b771b62089a08c15,

title = "Hydrogen Intensity and Real-Time Analysis Experiment: 256-element array status and overview",

abstract = "The Hydrogen Intensity and Real-time Analysis Experiment (HIRAX) is a radio interferometer array currently in development, with an initial 256-element array to be deployed at the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory Square Kilometer Array site in South Africa. Each of the 6 m, f / 0.23 dishes will be instrumented with dual-polarization feeds operating over a frequency range of 400 to 800 MHz. Through intensity mapping of the 21 cm emission line of neutral hydrogen, HIRAX will provide a cosmological survey of the distribution of large-scale structure over the redshift range of 0.775 < z < 2.55 over ∼15,000 square degrees of the southern sky. The statistical power of such a survey is sufficient to produce ∼7 % constraints on the dark energy equation of state parameter when combined with measurements from the Planck satellite. Additionally, HIRAX will provide a highly competitive platform for radio transient and HI absorber science while enabling a multitude of cross-correlation studies. We describe the science goals of the experiment, overview of the design and status of the subcomponents of the telescope system, and describe the expected performance of the initial 256-element array as well as the planned future expansion to the final, 1024-element array.",

keywords = "21 cm, intensity mapping, cosmology, dark energy, radio transients, interferometers",

author = "Devin Crichton and Moumita Aich and Adam Amara and Kevin Bandura and Bassett, {Bruce A.} and Carlos Bengaly and Pascale Berner and Shruti Bhatporia and Martin Bucher and Tzu-Ching Chang and Chiang, {H. Cynthia} and Jean-Francois Cliche and Carolyn Crichton and Romeel Dave and {De Villiers}, {Dirk I. L.} and Matt Dobbs and Ewall-Wice, {Aaron M.} and Scott Eyono and Christopher Finlay and Sindhu Gaddam and Ken Ganga and Gayley, {Kevin G.} and Kit Gerodias and Gibbon, {Tim B.} and Austine Gumba and Neeraj Gupta and Maile Harris and Heiko Heilgendorff and Matt Hilton and Hincks, {Adam D.} and Pascal Hitz and Mona Jalilvand and Julie, {Roufurd P. M.} and Zahra Kader and Joseph Kania and Dionysios Karagiannis and Aris Karastergiou and Kabelo Kesebonye and Piyanat Kittiwisit and Jean-Paul Kneib and Kenda Knowles and Kuhn, {Emily R.} and Martin Kunz and Roy Maartens and Vincent MacKay and Stuart MacPherson and Christian Monstein and Kavilan Moodley and V Mugundhan and Warren Naidoo and Arun Naidu and Newburgh, {Laura B.} and Viraj Nistane and {Di Nitto}, Amanda and Deniz Olcek and Xinyu Pan and Sourabh Paul and Peterson, {Jeffrey B.} and Elizabeth Pieters and Carla Pieterse and Aritha Pillay and Polish, {Anna R.} and Liantsoa Randrianjanahary and Alexandre Refregier and Andre Renard and Edwin Retana-Montenegro and Rout, {Ian H.} and Cyndie Russeeawon and Sadr, {Alireza Vafaei} and Saliwanchik, {Benjamin R. B.} and Ajith Sampath and Pranav Sanghavi and Santos, {Mario G.} and Onkabetse Sengate and Shawa, {J. Richard} and Sievers, {Jonathan L.} and Smirnov, {Oleg M.} and Smith, {Kendrick M.} and Sob, {Ulrich Armel Mbou} and Raghunathan Srianand and Pieter Stronkhorst and Sunder, {Dhaneshwar D.} and Simon Tartakovsky and Russ Taylor and Peter Timbie and Tolley, {Emma E.} and Junaid Townsend and Will Tyndall and Cornelius Ungerer and {van Dyk}, Jacques and {van Vuuren}, Gary and Keith Vanderlinde and Thierry Viant and Anthony Walters and Jingying Wang and Amanda Weltman and Patrick Woudt and Dallas Wulf and Anatoly Zavyalov and Zheng Zhang",

note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the draft. This work is based on the research supported in part by the National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant Nos. 98772, 128919, 107797, 120809, and 120700) and the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 200021_192243, 200020_182231, IZLSZ2_170907, 20FL21_186180, and 20FL20_201479). A. R, D. C., T. V., C. B., C. F., M. K., V. N., A. V. S., E. T., and J. P. K. would like to acknowledge funding by the Swiss National Science Foundation. K. M. would like to acknowledge support from the National Research Foundation of South Africa. A. W. and S. B. would like to acknowledge support from the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation and from a VC 2020 Future Leaders award. R. M., D. K., L. R., D. dV. and C. P. were supported by the SARAO and the National Research Foundation (Grant Nos. 75415 and 75322), and R. M. was also supported by the UK STFC Consolidated Grant No. ST/S000550/1. W. N. and D. C. would like to acknowledge the financial assistance of the SARAO toward this research. L. N., M. H., A. P., and W. T. would like to acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1751763. E. K. would like to acknowledge support by a NASA Space Technology Research Fellowship. T. C. C. and P. B. would like to acknowledge support from the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Strategic R&TD awards. Part of this work was done at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The research of O. S. was supported by the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation. H. C. C. would like to acknowledge the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, No. RGPIN-2019-04506). A. D. H. would like to acknowledge support from the Sutton Family Chair in Science, Christianity, and Cultures and from the Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto. A. Z. was supported by a University of Toronto Excellence Award. M. G. S., S. P. and J. T. also would like to acknowledge support from the SARAO and National Research Foundation (Grant No. 84156). Computations were performed on Hippo at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, on the Baobab cluster at the University of Geneva and on the Niagara supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet was funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation; the Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund, Research Excellence; and the University of Toronto. This work made use of the numpy, and astropy software packages. Funding Information: The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the draft. This work is based on the research supported in part by the National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant Nos. 98772, 128919, 107797, 120809, and 120700) and the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 200021_192243, 200020_182231, IZLSZ2_170907, 20FL21_186180, and 20FL20_201479). A. R, D. C., T. V., C. B., C. F., M. K., V. N., A. V. S., E. T., and J. P. K. would like to acknowledge funding by the Swiss National Science Foundation. K. M. would like to acknowledge support from the National Research Foundation of South Africa. A. W. and S. B. would like to acknowledge support from the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation and from a VC 2020 Future Leaders award. R. M., D. K., L. R., D. dV. and C. P. were supported by the SARAO and the National Research Foundation (Grant Nos. 75415 and 75322), and R. M. was also supported by the UK STFC Consolidated Grant No. ST/S000550/1. W. N. and D. C. would like to acknowledge the financial assistance of the SARAO toward this research. L. N., M. H., A. P., and W. T. would like to acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1751763. E. K. would like to acknowledge support by a NASA Space Technology Research Fellowship. T. C. C. and P. B. would like to acknowledge support from the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Strategic R&TD awards. Part of this work was done at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The research of O. S. was supported by the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation. H. C. C. would like to acknowledge the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, No. RGPIN-2019-04506). A. D. H. would like to acknowledge support from the Sutton Family Chair in Science, Christianity, and Cultures and from the Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto. A. Z. was supported by a University of Toronto Excellence Award. M. G. S., S. P. and J. T. also would like to acknowledge support from the SARAO and National Research Foundation (Grant No. 84156). Computations were performed on Hippo at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, on the Baobab cluster at the University of Geneva and on the Niagara supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet was funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation; the Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund, Research Excellence; and the University of Toronto.76,77 This work made use of the numpy,78 scipy,79 matplotlib,80 and astropy81,82software packages. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).",

year = "2022",

month = jan,

day = "12",

doi = "10.1117/1.JATIS.8.1.011019",

language = "English",

volume = "8",

pages = "1--19",

journal = "Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems (JATIS)",

issn = "2329-4124",

publisher = "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers ",

number = "1",

}

Crichton, D, Aich, M, Amara, A, Bandura, K, Bassett, BA, Bengaly, C, Berner, P, Bhatporia, S, Bucher, M, Chang, T-C, Chiang, HC, Cliche, J-F, Crichton, C, Dave, R, De Villiers, DIL, Dobbs, M, Ewall-Wice, AM, Eyono, S, Finlay, C, Gaddam, S, Ganga, K, Gayley, KG, Gerodias, K, Gibbon, TB, Gumba, A, Gupta, N, Harris, M, Heilgendorff, H, Hilton, M, Hincks, AD, Hitz, P, Jalilvand, M, Julie, RPM, Kader, Z, Kania, J, Karagiannis, D, Karastergiou, A, Kesebonye, K, Kittiwisit, P, Kneib, J-P, Knowles, K, Kuhn, ER, Kunz, M, Maartens, R, MacKay, V, MacPherson, S, Monstein, C, Moodley, K, Mugundhan, V, Naidoo, W, Naidu, A, Newburgh, LB, Nistane, V, Di Nitto, A, Olcek, D, Pan, X, Paul, S, Peterson, JB, Pieters, E, Pieterse, C, Pillay, A, Polish, AR, Randrianjanahary, L, Refregier, A, Renard, A, Retana-Montenegro, E, Rout, IH, Russeeawon, C, Sadr, AV, Saliwanchik, BRB, Sampath, A, Sanghavi, P, Santos, MG, Sengate, O, Shawa, JR, Sievers, JL, Smirnov, OM, Smith, KM, Sob, UAM, Srianand, R, Stronkhorst, P, Sunder, DD, Tartakovsky, S, Taylor, R, Timbie, P, Tolley, EE, Townsend, J, Tyndall, W, Ungerer, C, van Dyk, J, van Vuuren, G, Vanderlinde, K, Viant, T, Walters, A, Wang, J, Weltman, A, Woudt, P, Wulf, D, Zavyalov, A & Zhang, Z 2022, 'Hydrogen Intensity and Real-Time Analysis Experiment: 256-element array status and overview', Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems (JATIS), vol. 8, no. 1, 011019, pp. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JATIS.8.1.011019

TY - JOUR

T1 - Hydrogen Intensity and Real-Time Analysis Experiment: 256-element array status and overview

AU - Crichton, Devin

AU - Aich, Moumita

AU - Amara, Adam

AU - Bandura, Kevin

AU - Bassett, Bruce A.

AU - Bengaly, Carlos

AU - Berner, Pascale

AU - Bhatporia, Shruti

AU - Bucher, Martin

AU - Chang, Tzu-Ching

AU - Chiang, H. Cynthia

AU - Cliche, Jean-Francois

AU - Crichton, Carolyn

AU - Dave, Romeel

AU - De Villiers, Dirk I. L.

AU - Dobbs, Matt

AU - Ewall-Wice, Aaron M.

AU - Eyono, Scott

AU - Finlay, Christopher

AU - Gaddam, Sindhu

AU - Ganga, Ken

AU - Gayley, Kevin G.

AU - Gerodias, Kit

AU - Gibbon, Tim B.

AU - Gumba, Austine

AU - Gupta, Neeraj

AU - Harris, Maile

AU - Heilgendorff, Heiko

AU - Hilton, Matt

AU - Hincks, Adam D.

AU - Hitz, Pascal

AU - Jalilvand, Mona

AU - Julie, Roufurd P. M.

AU - Kader, Zahra

AU - Kania, Joseph

AU - Karagiannis, Dionysios

AU - Karastergiou, Aris

AU - Kesebonye, Kabelo

AU - Kittiwisit, Piyanat

AU - Kneib, Jean-Paul

AU - Knowles, Kenda

AU - Kuhn, Emily R.

AU - Kunz, Martin

AU - Maartens, Roy

AU - MacKay, Vincent

AU - MacPherson, Stuart

AU - Monstein, Christian

AU - Moodley, Kavilan

AU - Mugundhan, V

AU - Naidoo, Warren

AU - Naidu, Arun

AU - Newburgh, Laura B.

AU - Nistane, Viraj

AU - Di Nitto, Amanda

AU - Olcek, Deniz

AU - Pan, Xinyu

AU - Paul, Sourabh

AU - Peterson, Jeffrey B.

AU - Pieters, Elizabeth

AU - Pieterse, Carla

AU - Pillay, Aritha

AU - Polish, Anna R.

AU - Randrianjanahary, Liantsoa

AU - Refregier, Alexandre

AU - Renard, Andre

AU - Retana-Montenegro, Edwin

AU - Rout, Ian H.

AU - Russeeawon, Cyndie

AU - Sadr, Alireza Vafaei

AU - Saliwanchik, Benjamin R. B.

AU - Sampath, Ajith

AU - Sanghavi, Pranav

AU - Santos, Mario G.

AU - Sengate, Onkabetse

AU - Shawa, J. Richard

AU - Sievers, Jonathan L.

AU - Smirnov, Oleg M.

AU - Smith, Kendrick M.

AU - Sob, Ulrich Armel Mbou

AU - Srianand, Raghunathan

AU - Stronkhorst, Pieter

AU - Sunder, Dhaneshwar D.

AU - Tartakovsky, Simon

AU - Taylor, Russ

AU - Timbie, Peter

AU - Tolley, Emma E.

AU - Townsend, Junaid

AU - Tyndall, Will

AU - Ungerer, Cornelius

AU - van Dyk, Jacques

AU - van Vuuren, Gary

AU - Vanderlinde, Keith

AU - Viant, Thierry

AU - Walters, Anthony

AU - Wang, Jingying

AU - Weltman, Amanda

AU - Woudt, Patrick

AU - Wulf, Dallas

AU - Zavyalov, Anatoly

AU - Zhang, Zheng

N1 - Funding Information: The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the draft. This work is based on the research supported in part by the National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant Nos. 98772, 128919, 107797, 120809, and 120700) and the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 200021_192243, 200020_182231, IZLSZ2_170907, 20FL21_186180, and 20FL20_201479). A. R, D. C., T. V., C. B., C. F., M. K., V. N., A. V. S., E. T., and J. P. K. would like to acknowledge funding by the Swiss National Science Foundation. K. M. would like to acknowledge support from the National Research Foundation of South Africa. A. W. and S. B. would like to acknowledge support from the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation and from a VC 2020 Future Leaders award. R. M., D. K., L. R., D. dV. and C. P. were supported by the SARAO and the National Research Foundation (Grant Nos. 75415 and 75322), and R. M. was also supported by the UK STFC Consolidated Grant No. ST/S000550/1. W. N. and D. C. would like to acknowledge the financial assistance of the SARAO toward this research. L. N., M. H., A. P., and W. T. would like to acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1751763. E. K. would like to acknowledge support by a NASA Space Technology Research Fellowship. T. C. C. and P. B. would like to acknowledge support from the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Strategic R&TD awards. Part of this work was done at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The research of O. S. was supported by the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation. H. C. C. would like to acknowledge the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, No. RGPIN-2019-04506). A. D. H. would like to acknowledge support from the Sutton Family Chair in Science, Christianity, and Cultures and from the Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto. A. Z. was supported by a University of Toronto Excellence Award. M. G. S., S. P. and J. T. also would like to acknowledge support from the SARAO and National Research Foundation (Grant No. 84156). Computations were performed on Hippo at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, on the Baobab cluster at the University of Geneva and on the Niagara supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet was funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation; the Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund, Research Excellence; and the University of Toronto. This work made use of the numpy, and astropy software packages. Funding Information: The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the draft. This work is based on the research supported in part by the National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant Nos. 98772, 128919, 107797, 120809, and 120700) and the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 200021_192243, 200020_182231, IZLSZ2_170907, 20FL21_186180, and 20FL20_201479). A. R, D. C., T. V., C. B., C. F., M. K., V. N., A. V. S., E. T., and J. P. K. would like to acknowledge funding by the Swiss National Science Foundation. K. M. would like to acknowledge support from the National Research Foundation of South Africa. A. W. and S. B. would like to acknowledge support from the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation and from a VC 2020 Future Leaders award. R. M., D. K., L. R., D. dV. and C. P. were supported by the SARAO and the National Research Foundation (Grant Nos. 75415 and 75322), and R. M. was also supported by the UK STFC Consolidated Grant No. ST/S000550/1. W. N. and D. C. would like to acknowledge the financial assistance of the SARAO toward this research. L. N., M. H., A. P., and W. T. would like to acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1751763. E. K. would like to acknowledge support by a NASA Space Technology Research Fellowship. T. C. C. and P. B. would like to acknowledge support from the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Strategic R&TD awards. Part of this work was done at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The research of O. S. was supported by the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation. H. C. C. would like to acknowledge the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, No. RGPIN-2019-04506). A. D. H. would like to acknowledge support from the Sutton Family Chair in Science, Christianity, and Cultures and from the Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto. A. Z. was supported by a University of Toronto Excellence Award. M. G. S., S. P. and J. T. also would like to acknowledge support from the SARAO and National Research Foundation (Grant No. 84156). Computations were performed on Hippo at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, on the Baobab cluster at the University of Geneva and on the Niagara supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet was funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation; the Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund, Research Excellence; and the University of Toronto.76,77 This work made use of the numpy,78 scipy,79 matplotlib,80 and astropy81,82software packages. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).

PY - 2022/1/12

Y1 - 2022/1/12

N2 - The Hydrogen Intensity and Real-time Analysis Experiment (HIRAX) is a radio interferometer array currently in development, with an initial 256-element array to be deployed at the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory Square Kilometer Array site in South Africa. Each of the 6 m, f / 0.23 dishes will be instrumented with dual-polarization feeds operating over a frequency range of 400 to 800 MHz. Through intensity mapping of the 21 cm emission line of neutral hydrogen, HIRAX will provide a cosmological survey of the distribution of large-scale structure over the redshift range of 0.775 < z < 2.55 over ∼15,000 square degrees of the southern sky. The statistical power of such a survey is sufficient to produce ∼7 % constraints on the dark energy equation of state parameter when combined with measurements from the Planck satellite. Additionally, HIRAX will provide a highly competitive platform for radio transient and HI absorber science while enabling a multitude of cross-correlation studies. We describe the science goals of the experiment, overview of the design and status of the subcomponents of the telescope system, and describe the expected performance of the initial 256-element array as well as the planned future expansion to the final, 1024-element array.

AB - The Hydrogen Intensity and Real-time Analysis Experiment (HIRAX) is a radio interferometer array currently in development, with an initial 256-element array to be deployed at the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory Square Kilometer Array site in South Africa. Each of the 6 m, f / 0.23 dishes will be instrumented with dual-polarization feeds operating over a frequency range of 400 to 800 MHz. Through intensity mapping of the 21 cm emission line of neutral hydrogen, HIRAX will provide a cosmological survey of the distribution of large-scale structure over the redshift range of 0.775 < z < 2.55 over ∼15,000 square degrees of the southern sky. The statistical power of such a survey is sufficient to produce ∼7 % constraints on the dark energy equation of state parameter when combined with measurements from the Planck satellite. Additionally, HIRAX will provide a highly competitive platform for radio transient and HI absorber science while enabling a multitude of cross-correlation studies. We describe the science goals of the experiment, overview of the design and status of the subcomponents of the telescope system, and describe the expected performance of the initial 256-element array as well as the planned future expansion to the final, 1024-element array.

KW - 21 cm

KW - intensity mapping

KW - cosmology

KW - dark energy

KW - radio transients

KW - interferometers

U2 - 10.1117/1.JATIS.8.1.011019

DO - 10.1117/1.JATIS.8.1.011019

M3 - Article

SN - 2329-4124

VL - 8

SP - 1

EP - 19

JO - Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems (JATIS)

JF - Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems (JATIS)

IS - 1

M1 - 011019

ER -

Hydrogen Intensity and Real-Time Analysis Experiment: 256-element array status and overview

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