TY - UNPB
T1 - Impact of lifestyle in chronic pain and depression a propensity score analysis in UK biobank
AU - Casey, Hannah
AU - Wright, Helen R.
AU - King, Josiah
AU - Adams, Mark J.
AU - McIntosh, Andrew M.
AU - Strawbridge, Rona J.
AU - Fallon, Marie T.
AU - Smith, Daniel J.
AU - Murray, Aja L.
AU - Whalley, Heather C.
PY - 2025/6/18
Y1 - 2025/6/18
N2 - Background
Chronic pain and depression are prevalent global health burdens
that frequently co-occur, leading to worse outcomes than either
condition alone. Current treatments are frequently inadequate,
particularly for comorbid chronic pain and depression. Identifying
contributing lifestyle factors could help inform more effective
interventions and improve our understanding of disease pathophysiology.
Methods
This study aimed to identify contributing factors for both
conditions by assessing the effects of seven lifestyle-related variables
(using counterfactual analysis to account for confounding) within the
UK Biobank. Chronic pain and depression were analysed as separate
disorders and within nominal comorbidity groups (neither disorder, each
disorder in isolation and both disorders combined), in full and
sex-specific samples.
Results
Insufficient sleep (full sample: odds ratio (OR) =1.645, PAdjusted<0.001, female sample: OR=1.693, PAdjusted
=0.002) and loneliness (full sample: OR=3.397, PAdjusted
<0.001, female sample: OR=3.196, PAdjusted
<0.001, male sample: OR=3.798, PAdjusted
<0.001) were associated with increased risk of depression. Obesity (full sample: OR=1.379, PAdjusted<0.001, female sample: OR=1.467, PAdjusted<0.001, male sample: OR=1.308, PAdjusted= 0.005) was associated with an increased risk of chronic pain. In nominal outcomes, insufficient sleep (full sample: OR=1.828, PAdjusted
<0.001, female sample: OR=1.845, PAdjusted<0.001, male sample: OR=1.847, PAdjusted=0.013) and loneliness (full sample: OR=3.488, PAdjusted<0.001, female sample: OR=3.388, PAdjusted<0.001, male sample: OR=3.782, PAdjusted<0.001)
were associated with an increased risk of comorbid chronic pain and
depression. Additionally, loneliness was also associated with an
increased risk of depression without chronic pain (full sample:
OR=2.812, PAdjusted
=0.003, male sample: OR=3.467, PAdjusted=0.014) and obesity was associated with an increased risk of chronic pain without depression (full sample: OR=1.333, PAdjusted<0.001, female sample: OR=1.399, PAdjusted
=0.002, male sample: OR=1.281, PAdjusted
=0.018).
Conclusions
By identifying lifestyle-related risk factors with potential
causal impacts on chronic pain, depression and their comorbidity, these
findings enhance our understanding of disease pathophysiology and
highlight potential markers and targets of more accurate diagnoses and
non-therapeutic interventions.
AB - Background
Chronic pain and depression are prevalent global health burdens
that frequently co-occur, leading to worse outcomes than either
condition alone. Current treatments are frequently inadequate,
particularly for comorbid chronic pain and depression. Identifying
contributing lifestyle factors could help inform more effective
interventions and improve our understanding of disease pathophysiology.
Methods
This study aimed to identify contributing factors for both
conditions by assessing the effects of seven lifestyle-related variables
(using counterfactual analysis to account for confounding) within the
UK Biobank. Chronic pain and depression were analysed as separate
disorders and within nominal comorbidity groups (neither disorder, each
disorder in isolation and both disorders combined), in full and
sex-specific samples.
Results
Insufficient sleep (full sample: odds ratio (OR) =1.645, PAdjusted<0.001, female sample: OR=1.693, PAdjusted
=0.002) and loneliness (full sample: OR=3.397, PAdjusted
<0.001, female sample: OR=3.196, PAdjusted
<0.001, male sample: OR=3.798, PAdjusted
<0.001) were associated with increased risk of depression. Obesity (full sample: OR=1.379, PAdjusted<0.001, female sample: OR=1.467, PAdjusted<0.001, male sample: OR=1.308, PAdjusted= 0.005) was associated with an increased risk of chronic pain. In nominal outcomes, insufficient sleep (full sample: OR=1.828, PAdjusted
<0.001, female sample: OR=1.845, PAdjusted<0.001, male sample: OR=1.847, PAdjusted=0.013) and loneliness (full sample: OR=3.488, PAdjusted<0.001, female sample: OR=3.388, PAdjusted<0.001, male sample: OR=3.782, PAdjusted<0.001)
were associated with an increased risk of comorbid chronic pain and
depression. Additionally, loneliness was also associated with an
increased risk of depression without chronic pain (full sample:
OR=2.812, PAdjusted
=0.003, male sample: OR=3.467, PAdjusted=0.014) and obesity was associated with an increased risk of chronic pain without depression (full sample: OR=1.333, PAdjusted<0.001, female sample: OR=1.399, PAdjusted
=0.002, male sample: OR=1.281, PAdjusted
=0.018).
Conclusions
By identifying lifestyle-related risk factors with potential
causal impacts on chronic pain, depression and their comorbidity, these
findings enhance our understanding of disease pathophysiology and
highlight potential markers and targets of more accurate diagnoses and
non-therapeutic interventions.
U2 - 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23982.1
DO - 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23982.1
M3 - Preprint
VL - 10
T3 - Wellcome Open Research
SP - 318
BT - Impact of lifestyle in chronic pain and depression a propensity score analysis in UK biobank
ER -