TY - JOUR
T1 - Inconsistency between objective and subjective comparisons of sleep quality are found between sea level and moderate terrestrial altitude (2,320m) in high-performance swimmers
AU - Astridge, Daniel
AU - McKenna, Michael
AU - Campbell, Adrian
AU - Turner, Tony
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2022.
PY - 2023/8
Y1 - 2023/8
N2 - It is popular for high-performance athletes to attend training camps at natural moderate altitude (1800-2500m), which may have direct and indirect effects on the quantity and quality of sleep athletes obtain. This can potentially influence the ability to maximise training responses and optimise recovery from exercise. This study aimed to compare objective and subjective markers of sleep quality between sea level (SL) and moderate altitude (ALT) in a sample of fourteen (male n=5, female n=9) high-performance collegiate swimmers. Sleep was objectively (wristwatch actigraphy) and subjectively (Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire; ASSQ) assessed at SL and an ALT of 2,320m. A significant increase (p = 0.028, d = 0.76) in the ‘sleep difficulty score’ calculated from the ASSQ was identified from SL (4.9 ± 1.7 au) to ALT (6.6 ± 2.3 au), with a greater number of the swimmers judged to have a more severe clinical sleep problem at ALT. Of the seven sleep characteristics assessed objectively, there were no significant differences identified between the two environments. Sleep disruption was found to substantially improve following rest/recovery days while at ALT. While this study highlights possible inconsistencies between objective and subjective measures of sleep quality while at ALT, any suggestion of reduced sleep quality should be considered seriously. Practically, the present study demonstrates the importance of, at altitude, using both objective and subjective measures to monitor athlete sleep quality, and ensuring training schedules are carefully periodised, incorporating rest or recovery days within intense training blocks for optimal sleep quality to be achieved.
AB - It is popular for high-performance athletes to attend training camps at natural moderate altitude (1800-2500m), which may have direct and indirect effects on the quantity and quality of sleep athletes obtain. This can potentially influence the ability to maximise training responses and optimise recovery from exercise. This study aimed to compare objective and subjective markers of sleep quality between sea level (SL) and moderate altitude (ALT) in a sample of fourteen (male n=5, female n=9) high-performance collegiate swimmers. Sleep was objectively (wristwatch actigraphy) and subjectively (Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire; ASSQ) assessed at SL and an ALT of 2,320m. A significant increase (p = 0.028, d = 0.76) in the ‘sleep difficulty score’ calculated from the ASSQ was identified from SL (4.9 ± 1.7 au) to ALT (6.6 ± 2.3 au), with a greater number of the swimmers judged to have a more severe clinical sleep problem at ALT. Of the seven sleep characteristics assessed objectively, there were no significant differences identified between the two environments. Sleep disruption was found to substantially improve following rest/recovery days while at ALT. While this study highlights possible inconsistencies between objective and subjective measures of sleep quality while at ALT, any suggestion of reduced sleep quality should be considered seriously. Practically, the present study demonstrates the importance of, at altitude, using both objective and subjective measures to monitor athlete sleep quality, and ensuring training schedules are carefully periodised, incorporating rest or recovery days within intense training blocks for optimal sleep quality to be achieved.
KW - hypoxia
KW - training
KW - actigraphy
KW - athletes
KW - recovery
UR - https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/international-journal-of-sports-science-coaching/journal202463
UR - https://journals.sagepub.com/home/spo
U2 - 10.1177/17479541221109150
DO - 10.1177/17479541221109150
M3 - Article
SN - 1747-9541
VL - 18
SP - 1113
EP - 1122
JO - International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching
JF - International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching
IS - 4
ER -