Language use in depressed and non-depressed mothers and their adolescent offspring

Background
Approximately 10% of mothers experience depression each year, which increases risk for depression in offspring. Currently no research has analysed the linguistic features of depressed mothers and their adolescent offspring during dyadic interactions. We examined the extent to which linguistic features of mothers’ and adolescents’ speech during dyadic interactional tasks could discriminate depressed from non-depressed mothers.

Methods
Computer-assisted linguistic analysis (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count; LIWC) was applied to transcripts of low-income mother-adolescent dyads (N=151) performing a lab-based problem-solving interaction task. One-way multivariate analyses were conducted to determine linguistic features hypothesized to be related to maternal depressive status that significantly differed in frequency between depressed and non-depressed mothers and higher and lower risk offspring. Logistic regression analyses were performed to classify between dyads belonging to the two groups.

Results
The results showed that linguistic features in mothers’ and their adolescent offsprings’ speech during problem-solving interactions discriminated between maternal depression status. Many, but not all effects, were consistent with those identified in previous research using primarily written text, highlighting the validity and reliability of language behaviour associated with depressive symptomatology across lab-based and natural environmental contexts.

Limitations
Our analyses do not enable to ascertain how mothers’ language behaviour may have influenced their offspring’s communication patterns. We also cannot say how or whether these findings generalize to other contexts or populations.

Conclusion
The findings extend the existing literature on linguistic features of depression by indicating that mothers’ depression is associated with linguistic behaviour during mother-adolescent interaction.