Midlife occupational cognitive requirements protect cognitive function in old age by increasing cognitive reserve

Luca Kleineidam; Steffen Wolfsgruber; Anne-Sophie Weyrauch; Linn E Zulka; Simon Forstmeier; Sandra Roeske; Hendrik van den Bussche; Hanna Kaduszkiewicz; Birgitt Wiese; Siegfried Weyerer; Jochen Werle; Angela Fuchs; Michael Pentzek; Christian Brettschneider; Hans-Helmut König; Dagmar Weeg; Horst Bickel; Melanie Luppa; Francisca S Rodriguez; Silka Dawn Freiesleben; Selin Erdogan; Chantal Unterfeld; Oliver Peters; Eike J Spruth; Slawek Altenstein; Andrea Lohse; Josef Priller; Klaus Fliessbach; Xenia Kobeleva; Anja Schneider; Claudia Bartels; Björn H Schott; Jens Wiltfang; Franziska Maier; Wenzel Glanz; Enise I Incesoy; Michaela Butryn; Emrah Düzel; Katharina Buerger; Daniel Janowitz; Michael Ewers; Boris-Stephan Rauchmann; Robert Perneczky; Ingo Kilimann; Doreen Görß; Stefan Teipel; Christoph Laske; Matthias H J Munk; Annika Spottke; Nina Roy; Frederic Brosseron; Michael T Heneka; Alfredo Ramirez; Renat Yakupov; Martin Scherer; Wolfgang Maier; Frank Jessen; Steffi G Riedel-Heller; Michael Wagner

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.957308

Midlife occupational cognitive requirements protect cognitive function in old age by increasing cognitive reserve

Luca Kleineidam, Steffen Wolfsgruber, Anne-Sophie Weyrauch, Linn E Zulka, Simon Forstmeier, Sandra Roeske, Hendrik van den Bussche, Hanna Kaduszkiewicz, Birgitt Wiese, Siegfried Weyerer, Jochen Werle, Angela Fuchs, Michael Pentzek, Christian Brettschneider, Hans-Helmut König, Dagmar Weeg, Horst Bickel, Melanie Luppa, Francisca S Rodriguez, Silka Dawn FreieslebenSelin Erdogan, Chantal Unterfeld, Oliver Peters, Eike J Spruth, Slawek Altenstein, Andrea Lohse, Josef Priller, Klaus Fliessbach, Xenia Kobeleva, Anja Schneider, Claudia Bartels, Björn H Schott, Jens Wiltfang, Franziska Maier, Wenzel Glanz, Enise I Incesoy, Michaela Butryn, Emrah Düzel, Katharina Buerger, Daniel Janowitz, Michael Ewers, Boris-Stephan Rauchmann, Robert Perneczky, Ingo Kilimann, Doreen Görß, Stefan Teipel, Christoph Laske, Matthias H J Munk, Annika Spottke, Nina Roy, Frederic Brosseron, Michael T Heneka, Alfredo Ramirez, Renat Yakupov, Martin Scherer, Wolfgang Maier, Frank Jessen, Steffi G Riedel-Heller, Michael Wagner

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Several lifestyle factors promote protection against Alzheimer's disease (AD) throughout a person's lifespan. Although such protective effects have been described for occupational cognitive requirements (OCR) in midlife, it is currently unknown whether they are conveyed by brain maintenance (BM), brain reserve (BR), or cognitive reserve (CR) or a combination of them.

METHODS: We systematically derived hypotheses for these resilience concepts and tested them in the population-based AgeCoDe cohort and memory clinic-based AD high-risk DELCODE study. The OCR score (OCRS) was measured using job activities based on the O*NET occupational classification system. Four sets of analyses were conducted: (1) the interaction of OCR and APOE-ε4 with regard to cognitive decline (N = 2,369, AgeCoDe), (2) association with differentially shaped retrospective trajectories before the onset of dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT; N = 474, AgeCoDe), (3) cross-sectional interaction of the OCR and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers and brain structural measures regarding memory function (N = 873, DELCODE), and (4) cross-sectional and longitudinal association of OCR with CSF AD biomarkers and brain structural measures (N = 873, DELCODE).

RESULTS: Regarding (1), higher OCRS was associated with a reduced association of APOE-ε4 with cognitive decline (mean follow-up = 6.03 years), consistent with CR and BR. Regarding (2), high OCRS was associated with a later onset but subsequently stronger cognitive decline in individuals converting to DAT, consistent with CR. Regarding (3), higher OCRS was associated with a weaker association of the CSF Aβ42/40 ratio and hippocampal volume with memory function, consistent with CR. Regarding (4), OCR was not associated with the levels or changes in CSF AD biomarkers (mean follow-up = 2.61 years). We found a cross-sectional, age-independent association of OCRS with some MRI markers, but no association with 1-year-change. OCR was not associated with the intracranial volume. These results are not completely consistent with those of BR or BM.

DISCUSSION: Our results support the link between OCR and CR. Promoting and seeking complex and stimulating work conditions in midlife could therefore contribute to increased resistance to pathologies in old age and might complement prevention measures aimed at reducing pathology.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	957308
Journal	Frontiers in Psychology
Volume	13
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.957308
Publication status	Published - 8 Dec 2022

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fpsyg-13-957308 (2)Final published version, 2.78 MBLicence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC-BY)

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Kleineidam, L., Wolfsgruber, S., Weyrauch, A-S., Zulka, L. E., Forstmeier, S., Roeske, S., van den Bussche, H., Kaduszkiewicz, H., Wiese, B., Weyerer, S., Werle, J., Fuchs, A., Pentzek, M., Brettschneider, C., König, H-H., Weeg, D., Bickel, H., Luppa, M., Rodriguez, F. S., ... Wagner, M. (2022). Midlife occupational cognitive requirements protect cognitive function in old age by increasing cognitive reserve. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 957308. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.957308

@article{15d4fffecf9342de8be96551c97ada50,

title = "Midlife occupational cognitive requirements protect cognitive function in old age by increasing cognitive reserve",

abstract = "INTRODUCTION: Several lifestyle factors promote protection against Alzheimer's disease (AD) throughout a person's lifespan. Although such protective effects have been described for occupational cognitive requirements (OCR) in midlife, it is currently unknown whether they are conveyed by brain maintenance (BM), brain reserve (BR), or cognitive reserve (CR) or a combination of them.METHODS: We systematically derived hypotheses for these resilience concepts and tested them in the population-based AgeCoDe cohort and memory clinic-based AD high-risk DELCODE study. The OCR score (OCRS) was measured using job activities based on the O*NET occupational classification system. Four sets of analyses were conducted: (1) the interaction of OCR and APOE-ε4 with regard to cognitive decline (N = 2,369, AgeCoDe), (2) association with differentially shaped retrospective trajectories before the onset of dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT; N = 474, AgeCoDe), (3) cross-sectional interaction of the OCR and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers and brain structural measures regarding memory function (N = 873, DELCODE), and (4) cross-sectional and longitudinal association of OCR with CSF AD biomarkers and brain structural measures (N = 873, DELCODE).RESULTS: Regarding (1), higher OCRS was associated with a reduced association of APOE-ε4 with cognitive decline (mean follow-up = 6.03 years), consistent with CR and BR. Regarding (2), high OCRS was associated with a later onset but subsequently stronger cognitive decline in individuals converting to DAT, consistent with CR. Regarding (3), higher OCRS was associated with a weaker association of the CSF Aβ42/40 ratio and hippocampal volume with memory function, consistent with CR. Regarding (4), OCR was not associated with the levels or changes in CSF AD biomarkers (mean follow-up = 2.61 years). We found a cross-sectional, age-independent association of OCRS with some MRI markers, but no association with 1-year-change. OCR was not associated with the intracranial volume. These results are not completely consistent with those of BR or BM.DISCUSSION: Our results support the link between OCR and CR. Promoting and seeking complex and stimulating work conditions in midlife could therefore contribute to increased resistance to pathologies in old age and might complement prevention measures aimed at reducing pathology.",

author = "Luca Kleineidam and Steffen Wolfsgruber and Anne-Sophie Weyrauch and Zulka, {Linn E} and Simon Forstmeier and Sandra Roeske and {van den Bussche}, Hendrik and Hanna Kaduszkiewicz and Birgitt Wiese and Siegfried Weyerer and Jochen Werle and Angela Fuchs and Michael Pentzek and Christian Brettschneider and Hans-Helmut K{\"o}nig and Dagmar Weeg and Horst Bickel and Melanie Luppa and Rodriguez, {Francisca S} and Freiesleben, {Silka Dawn} and Selin Erdogan and Chantal Unterfeld and Oliver Peters and Spruth, {Eike J} and Slawek Altenstein and Andrea Lohse and Josef Priller and Klaus Fliessbach and Xenia Kobeleva and Anja Schneider and Claudia Bartels and Schott, {Bj{\"o}rn H} and Jens Wiltfang and Franziska Maier and Wenzel Glanz and Incesoy, {Enise I} and Michaela Butryn and Emrah D{\"u}zel and Katharina Buerger and Daniel Janowitz and Michael Ewers and Boris-Stephan Rauchmann and Robert Perneczky and Ingo Kilimann and Doreen G{\"o}r{\ss} and Stefan Teipel and Christoph Laske and Munk, {Matthias H J} and Annika Spottke and Nina Roy and Frederic Brosseron and Heneka, {Michael T} and Alfredo Ramirez and Renat Yakupov and Martin Scherer and Wolfgang Maier and Frank Jessen and Riedel-Heller, {Steffi G} and Michael Wagner",

note = "Copyright {\textcopyright} 2022 Kleineidam, Wolfsgruber, Weyrauch, Zulka, Forstmeier, Roeske, van den Bussche, Kaduszkiewicz, Wiese, Weyerer, Werle, Fuchs, Pentzek, Brettschneider, K{\"o}nig, Weeg, Bickel, Luppa, Rodriguez, Freiesleben, Erdogan, Unterfeld, Peters, Spruth, Altenstein, Lohse, Priller, Fliessbach, Kobeleva, Schneider, Bartels, Schott, Wiltfang, Maier, Glanz, Incesoy, Butryn, D{\"u}zel, Buerger, Janowitz, Ewers, Rauchmann, Perneczky, Kilimann, G{\"o}r{\ss}, Teipel, Laske, Munk, Spottke, Roy, Brosseron, Heneka, Ramirez, Yakupov, Scherer, Maier, Jessen, Riedel-Heller and Wagner.",

year = "2022",

month = dec,

day = "8",

doi = "10.3389/fpsyg.2022.957308",

language = "English",

volume = "13",

pages = "957308",

journal = "Frontiers in Psychology",

issn = "1664-1078",

publisher = "Frontiers Media S.A.",

}

Kleineidam, L, Wolfsgruber, S, Weyrauch, A-S, Zulka, LE, Forstmeier, S, Roeske, S, van den Bussche, H, Kaduszkiewicz, H, Wiese, B, Weyerer, S, Werle, J, Fuchs, A, Pentzek, M, Brettschneider, C, König, H-H, Weeg, D, Bickel, H, Luppa, M, Rodriguez, FS, Freiesleben, SD, Erdogan, S, Unterfeld, C, Peters, O, Spruth, EJ, Altenstein, S, Lohse, A, Priller, J, Fliessbach, K, Kobeleva, X, Schneider, A, Bartels, C, Schott, BH, Wiltfang, J, Maier, F, Glanz, W, Incesoy, EI, Butryn, M, Düzel, E, Buerger, K, Janowitz, D, Ewers, M, Rauchmann, B-S, Perneczky, R, Kilimann, I, Görß, D, Teipel, S, Laske, C, Munk, MHJ, Spottke, A, Roy, N, Brosseron, F, Heneka, MT, Ramirez, A, Yakupov, R, Scherer, M, Maier, W, Jessen, F, Riedel-Heller, SG & Wagner, M 2022, 'Midlife occupational cognitive requirements protect cognitive function in old age by increasing cognitive reserve', Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 13, pp. 957308. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.957308

TY - JOUR

T1 - Midlife occupational cognitive requirements protect cognitive function in old age by increasing cognitive reserve

AU - Kleineidam, Luca

AU - Wolfsgruber, Steffen

AU - Weyrauch, Anne-Sophie

AU - Zulka, Linn E

AU - Forstmeier, Simon

AU - Roeske, Sandra

AU - van den Bussche, Hendrik

AU - Kaduszkiewicz, Hanna

AU - Wiese, Birgitt

AU - Weyerer, Siegfried

AU - Werle, Jochen

AU - Fuchs, Angela

AU - Pentzek, Michael

AU - Brettschneider, Christian

AU - König, Hans-Helmut

AU - Weeg, Dagmar

AU - Bickel, Horst

AU - Luppa, Melanie

AU - Rodriguez, Francisca S

AU - Freiesleben, Silka Dawn

AU - Erdogan, Selin

AU - Unterfeld, Chantal

AU - Peters, Oliver

AU - Spruth, Eike J

AU - Altenstein, Slawek

AU - Lohse, Andrea

AU - Priller, Josef

AU - Fliessbach, Klaus

AU - Kobeleva, Xenia

AU - Schneider, Anja

AU - Bartels, Claudia

AU - Schott, Björn H

AU - Wiltfang, Jens

AU - Maier, Franziska

AU - Glanz, Wenzel

AU - Incesoy, Enise I

AU - Butryn, Michaela

AU - Düzel, Emrah

AU - Buerger, Katharina

AU - Janowitz, Daniel

AU - Ewers, Michael

AU - Rauchmann, Boris-Stephan

AU - Perneczky, Robert

AU - Kilimann, Ingo

AU - Görß, Doreen

AU - Teipel, Stefan

AU - Laske, Christoph

AU - Munk, Matthias H J

AU - Spottke, Annika

AU - Roy, Nina

AU - Brosseron, Frederic

AU - Heneka, Michael T

AU - Ramirez, Alfredo

AU - Yakupov, Renat

AU - Scherer, Martin

AU - Maier, Wolfgang

AU - Jessen, Frank

AU - Riedel-Heller, Steffi G

AU - Wagner, Michael

N1 - Copyright © 2022 Kleineidam, Wolfsgruber, Weyrauch, Zulka, Forstmeier, Roeske, van den Bussche, Kaduszkiewicz, Wiese, Weyerer, Werle, Fuchs, Pentzek, Brettschneider, König, Weeg, Bickel, Luppa, Rodriguez, Freiesleben, Erdogan, Unterfeld, Peters, Spruth, Altenstein, Lohse, Priller, Fliessbach, Kobeleva, Schneider, Bartels, Schott, Wiltfang, Maier, Glanz, Incesoy, Butryn, Düzel, Buerger, Janowitz, Ewers, Rauchmann, Perneczky, Kilimann, Görß, Teipel, Laske, Munk, Spottke, Roy, Brosseron, Heneka, Ramirez, Yakupov, Scherer, Maier, Jessen, Riedel-Heller and Wagner.

PY - 2022/12/8

Y1 - 2022/12/8

N2 - INTRODUCTION: Several lifestyle factors promote protection against Alzheimer's disease (AD) throughout a person's lifespan. Although such protective effects have been described for occupational cognitive requirements (OCR) in midlife, it is currently unknown whether they are conveyed by brain maintenance (BM), brain reserve (BR), or cognitive reserve (CR) or a combination of them.METHODS: We systematically derived hypotheses for these resilience concepts and tested them in the population-based AgeCoDe cohort and memory clinic-based AD high-risk DELCODE study. The OCR score (OCRS) was measured using job activities based on the O*NET occupational classification system. Four sets of analyses were conducted: (1) the interaction of OCR and APOE-ε4 with regard to cognitive decline (N = 2,369, AgeCoDe), (2) association with differentially shaped retrospective trajectories before the onset of dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT; N = 474, AgeCoDe), (3) cross-sectional interaction of the OCR and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers and brain structural measures regarding memory function (N = 873, DELCODE), and (4) cross-sectional and longitudinal association of OCR with CSF AD biomarkers and brain structural measures (N = 873, DELCODE).RESULTS: Regarding (1), higher OCRS was associated with a reduced association of APOE-ε4 with cognitive decline (mean follow-up = 6.03 years), consistent with CR and BR. Regarding (2), high OCRS was associated with a later onset but subsequently stronger cognitive decline in individuals converting to DAT, consistent with CR. Regarding (3), higher OCRS was associated with a weaker association of the CSF Aβ42/40 ratio and hippocampal volume with memory function, consistent with CR. Regarding (4), OCR was not associated with the levels or changes in CSF AD biomarkers (mean follow-up = 2.61 years). We found a cross-sectional, age-independent association of OCRS with some MRI markers, but no association with 1-year-change. OCR was not associated with the intracranial volume. These results are not completely consistent with those of BR or BM.DISCUSSION: Our results support the link between OCR and CR. Promoting and seeking complex and stimulating work conditions in midlife could therefore contribute to increased resistance to pathologies in old age and might complement prevention measures aimed at reducing pathology.

AB - INTRODUCTION: Several lifestyle factors promote protection against Alzheimer's disease (AD) throughout a person's lifespan. Although such protective effects have been described for occupational cognitive requirements (OCR) in midlife, it is currently unknown whether they are conveyed by brain maintenance (BM), brain reserve (BR), or cognitive reserve (CR) or a combination of them.METHODS: We systematically derived hypotheses for these resilience concepts and tested them in the population-based AgeCoDe cohort and memory clinic-based AD high-risk DELCODE study. The OCR score (OCRS) was measured using job activities based on the O*NET occupational classification system. Four sets of analyses were conducted: (1) the interaction of OCR and APOE-ε4 with regard to cognitive decline (N = 2,369, AgeCoDe), (2) association with differentially shaped retrospective trajectories before the onset of dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT; N = 474, AgeCoDe), (3) cross-sectional interaction of the OCR and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers and brain structural measures regarding memory function (N = 873, DELCODE), and (4) cross-sectional and longitudinal association of OCR with CSF AD biomarkers and brain structural measures (N = 873, DELCODE).RESULTS: Regarding (1), higher OCRS was associated with a reduced association of APOE-ε4 with cognitive decline (mean follow-up = 6.03 years), consistent with CR and BR. Regarding (2), high OCRS was associated with a later onset but subsequently stronger cognitive decline in individuals converting to DAT, consistent with CR. Regarding (3), higher OCRS was associated with a weaker association of the CSF Aβ42/40 ratio and hippocampal volume with memory function, consistent with CR. Regarding (4), OCR was not associated with the levels or changes in CSF AD biomarkers (mean follow-up = 2.61 years). We found a cross-sectional, age-independent association of OCRS with some MRI markers, but no association with 1-year-change. OCR was not associated with the intracranial volume. These results are not completely consistent with those of BR or BM.DISCUSSION: Our results support the link between OCR and CR. Promoting and seeking complex and stimulating work conditions in midlife could therefore contribute to increased resistance to pathologies in old age and might complement prevention measures aimed at reducing pathology.

U2 - 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.957308

DO - 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.957308

M3 - Article

C2 - 36571008

VL - 13

SP - 957308

JO - Frontiers in Psychology

JF - Frontiers in Psychology

SN - 1664-1078

ER -

Midlife occupational cognitive requirements protect cognitive function in old age by increasing cognitive reserve

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