Modelling collective behaviour: Insights and applications from crowd psychology

Research from crowd psychology and pedestrian dynamics can inform one another to improve understandings and predictions of collective behaviour. In this chapter, we provide an overview of theoretical insights from crowd psychology on intragroup and intergroup behaviour and discuss possible avenues for implementing principles of the social identity approach into pedestrian models. Specifically, we debate the use of outdated assumptions of crowd behaviour, discuss how the core tenets of social identity theory and self-categorisation theory are central to understanding collective behaviour, showcase how perceptions and experiences of crowd members can be dynamic and influence their perceived safety and behaviour, and then point to recent trends in using crowd psychology to inform models of pedestrian movement and behaviour in emergencies. Finally, we examine barriers to incorporating social psychological theory into models, and look ahead to potential collaborative projects to improve crowd safety and experiences.