@article{9f0b471afa944c6aa1a6243822d31ed2,
title = "Occurrence of parasites and pathogens in honey bee colonies used in a European genotypeenvironment Interactions experimentrs 2010/2011 and 2011/2012",
abstract = "Diseases are known to be one of the major contributors to colony losses. Within a Europe-wide experiment on genotype - environment interactions, an initial 621 colonies were set up and maintained from 2009 to 2012. The colonies were monitored to investigate the occurrence and levels of key pathogens. These included the mite Varroa destructor (mites per 10 g bees), Nosema spp. (spore loads and species determination), and viruses (presence/absence of acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV) and deformed wing virus (DWV)). Data from 2010 to the spring of 2011 are analysed in relation to the parameters: genotype, environment, and origin (local vs. non-local) of the colonies in the experiment. The relative importance of different pathogens as indicators of colony death within the experiment is compared. In addition, pathogen occurrence rates across the geographic locations are described.",
keywords = "Coloss, Genotype-Environment Interactions experiment, Honey bee, Nosema spp., Survival, Varroa destructor, Viruses",
author = "Meixner, {Marina Doris} and Francis, {Roy Mathew} and Anna Gajda and Per Kryger and Sreten Andonov and Aleksandar Uzunov and Grazyna Topolska and Cecilia Costa and Esmaeil Amiri and Stefan Berg and Malgorzata Bienkowska and Maria Bouga and Ralph B{\"u}chler and Winfried Dyrba and Kalinka Gurgulova and Fani Hatjina and Evgeniya Ivanova and Mateja Janes and Nikola Kezic and Seppo Korpela and {Le Conte}, Yves and Beata Panasiuk and Hermann Pechhacker and George Tsoktouridis and Giacomo Vaccari and Jerzy Wilde",
note = "Funding Information: The Genotype and Environment Interactions experiment and this Special Issue of the Journal of Apicultural Research were conceived at meetings and workshops organised by COLOSS. The COLOSS (Prevention of honey bee COlony LOSSes) association (http://coloss.org/) is an international, non-profit association based in Bern, Switzerland that is focussed on improving the well-being of bees at a global level. Between 2008 and 2012, COLOSS was funded by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) through the COST Action FA0803. We gratefully acknowledge COLOSS, not only for funding numerous workshops during the course of the experiment which facilitated the exchange of samples and ideas, and the analyses described in this paper, but also for the excellent collaboration and warm working atmosphere. COLOSS is now supported by the Ricola Foundation - Nature and Culture and has funded Open Access for this paper. We also express our sincere gratitude to all technicians of the participating institutions for their help with sampling and laboratory work.",
year = "2015",
month = apr,
day = "2",
doi = "10.3896/IBRA.1.53.2.04",
language = "English",
volume = "53",
pages = "215--229",
journal = "Journal of apicultural research",
issn = "0021-8839",
publisher = "International Bee Research Association",
number = "2",
}