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Abstract / Description of output
The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) is widely prevalent in poultry and wild birds globally, with occasional transmission to humans. In comparison to other H9N2 lineages, the BJ/94 lineage has raised more public health concerns; however, its evolutionary dynamics and transmission patterns remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that over three decades (1994 - 2023), BJ/94 lineage has undergone substantial expansion in its geographical distribution, interspecies transmission, and viral reassortment with other AIV subtypes, increasing associated public health risks. These changes were primarily driven by the emergence of a dominant genotype G57. In the first decade, G57 emerged in East China and rapidly adapted to chickens and spread across China. Since 2013, the G57 genotype
has expanded beyond China into eight other countries and reassorted with various AIV subtypes to form new zoonotic reassortants. Chickens have played a key role in the generation and circulation of the G57 viruses, with ducks and other poultry species likely assuming an increasingly importantly role. Over the past decade, G57 has been more frequently detected in wild birds, mammals, and humans. Additionally, Vietnam has emerged as a new hotspot for the international spread of G57. Our results suggest that the BJ/94 lineage H9N2 virus may continue to overcome geographical and species barriers, with potentially more severe consequences.
has expanded beyond China into eight other countries and reassorted with various AIV subtypes to form new zoonotic reassortants. Chickens have played a key role in the generation and circulation of the G57 viruses, with ducks and other poultry species likely assuming an increasingly importantly role. Over the past decade, G57 has been more frequently detected in wild birds, mammals, and humans. Additionally, Vietnam has emerged as a new hotspot for the international spread of G57. Our results suggest that the BJ/94 lineage H9N2 virus may continue to overcome geographical and species barriers, with potentially more severe consequences.
Original language | English |
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Article number | veae106 |
Pages (from-to) | 1-11 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | Virus Evolution |
Volume | 10 |
Issue number | 1 |
Early online date | 9 Dec 2024 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Dec 2024 |
Keywords / Materials (for Non-textual outputs)
- H9N2 avian influenza viruses, origin, transmission pattern, reassortment, public health
- origin
- transmission pattern
- reassortment
- public health
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Predictive phylogenetics for evolutionary and transmission dynamics of newly emerging avian influenza viruses
Digard, P., Boden, L., Lycett, S., Smith, J., Vervelde, L. & Lu, L.
1/04/21 → 31/03/26
Project: Research