TY - JOUR
T1 - Outcomes among confirmed cases and a matched comparison group in the Long-COVID in Scotland Study
AU - Hastie, Claire E.
AU - Lowe, David J
AU - McAuley, Andrew
AU - Winter, Andrew J
AU - Mills, Nicholas L
AU - Black, Corri
AU - Scott, Janet T
AU - O'Donnell, Catherine A.
AU - Blane, David N.
AU - Browne, Susan
AU - Ibbotson, Tracy R.
AU - Pell, Jill P.
N1 - Funding Information:
Long-CISS was funded by the Chief Scientist Office (ref. COV/LTE/20/06) and Public Health Scotland. NLM is supported by a Chair Award (CH/F/21/90010), a Programme Grant (RG/20/10/34966) and a Research Excellence Award (RE/18/5/34216) from the British Heart Foundation. We are grateful to Public Health Scotland and HDR-UK for providing and linking secondary data, the National Safe Haven for providing a secure analytical environment, Storm-ID for administering invitations and data collection, the Scottish Government for supporting the study launch, and the University of Glasgow, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences PPIE (Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement) and COVID-19 PPIE groups for their contributions to study design and recruitment.
Funding Information:
Long-CISS was funded by the Chief Scientist Office (ref. COV/LTE/20/06) and Public Health Scotland. NLM is supported by a Chair Award (CH/F/21/90010), a Programme Grant (RG/20/10/34966) and a Research Excellence Award (RE/18/5/34216) from the British Heart Foundation. We are grateful to Public Health Scotland and HDR-UK for providing and linking secondary data, the National Safe Haven for providing a secure analytical environment, Storm-ID for administering invitations and data collection, the Scottish Government for supporting the study launch, and the University of Glasgow, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences PPIE (Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement) and COVID-19 PPIE groups for their contributions to study design and recruitment.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).
PY - 2022/10/12
Y1 - 2022/10/12
N2 - With increasing numbers infected by SARS-CoV-2, understanding long-COVID is essential to inform health and social care support. A Scottish population cohort of 33,281 laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and 62,957 never-infected individuals were followed-up via 6, 12 and 18-month questionnaires and linkage to hospitalization and death records. Of the 31,486 symptomatic infections,1,856 (6%) had not recovered and 13,350 (42%) only partially. No recovery was associated with hospitalized infection, age, female sex, deprivation, respiratory disease, depression and multimorbidity. Previous symptomatic infection was associated with poorer quality of life, impairment across all daily activities and 24 persistent symptoms including breathlessness (OR 3.43, 95% CI 3.29-3.58), palpitations (OR 2.51, OR 2.36-2.66), chest pain (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.96-2.23), and confusion (OR 2.92, 95% CI 2.78-3.07). Asymptomatic infection was not associated with adverse outcomes. Vaccination was associated with reduced risk of seven symptoms. Here we describe the nature of long-COVID and the factors associated with it.
AB - With increasing numbers infected by SARS-CoV-2, understanding long-COVID is essential to inform health and social care support. A Scottish population cohort of 33,281 laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and 62,957 never-infected individuals were followed-up via 6, 12 and 18-month questionnaires and linkage to hospitalization and death records. Of the 31,486 symptomatic infections,1,856 (6%) had not recovered and 13,350 (42%) only partially. No recovery was associated with hospitalized infection, age, female sex, deprivation, respiratory disease, depression and multimorbidity. Previous symptomatic infection was associated with poorer quality of life, impairment across all daily activities and 24 persistent symptoms including breathlessness (OR 3.43, 95% CI 3.29-3.58), palpitations (OR 2.51, OR 2.36-2.66), chest pain (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.96-2.23), and confusion (OR 2.92, 95% CI 2.78-3.07). Asymptomatic infection was not associated with adverse outcomes. Vaccination was associated with reduced risk of seven symptoms. Here we describe the nature of long-COVID and the factors associated with it.
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34344-z
U2 - 10.1038/s41467-022-33415-5
DO - 10.1038/s41467-022-33415-5
M3 - Article
SN - 2041-1723
JO - Nature Communications
JF - Nature Communications
ER -