Perceived barriers to leisure time physical activity in adults with type 2 diabetes attending primary healthcare in Oman: a cross-sectional survey

Thamra Alghafri; Saud M Alharthi; Yahya Mohd Al Farsi; Elaine Bannerman; Angela Mary Craigie; Annie S Anderson

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016946

Perceived barriers to leisure time physical activity in adults with type 2 diabetes attending primary healthcare in Oman: a cross-sectional survey

Thamra Alghafri, Saud M Alharthi, Yahya Mohd Al Farsi, Elaine Bannerman, Angela Mary Craigie, Annie S Anderson

Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Physical activity is fundamental in diabetes management for good metabolic control. This study aimed to identify barriers to performing leisure time physical activity and explore differences based on gender, age, marital status, employment, education, income and perceived stages of change in physical activity in adults with type 2 diabetes in Oman.

DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using an Arabic version of the 'Barriers to Being Active' 27-item questionnaire.

SETTING: Seventeen primary health centres randomly selected in Muscat.

PARTICIPANTS: Individuals>18 years with type 2 diabetes, attending diabetes clinic for >2 years and with no contraindications to performing physical activity.

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants were asked to rate how far different factors influenced their physical activity under the following categories: fear of injury, lack of time, social support, energy, willpower, skills, resources, religion and environment. On a scale of 0-9, barriers were considered important if scored ≥5.

RESULTS: A total of 305 questionnaires were collected. Most (96%) reported at least one barrier to performing leisure time physical activity. Lack of willpower (44.4%), lack of resources (30.5%) and lack of social support (29.2%) were the most frequently reported barriers. Using χ2 test, lack of willpower was significantly different in individuals with low versus high income (54.2%vs40%, P=0.002) and in those reporting inactive versus active stages of change for physical activity (50.7%vs34.7%, P=0.029), lack of resources was significantly different in those with low versus high income (40%vs24.3%, P=0.004) and married versus unmarried (33.8%vs18.5%, P=0.018). Lack of social support was significant in females versus males (35.4%vs20.8%, P=0.005).

CONCLUSIONS: The findings can inform the design on physical activity intervention studies by testing the impact of strategies which incorporate ways to address reported barriers including approaches that enhance self-efficacy and social support.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	e016946
Journal	BMJ Open
Volume	7
Issue number	11
Early online date	3 Nov 2017
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016946
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 3 Nov 2017

Keywords / Materials (for Non-textual outputs)

Age Factors
Aged
Cross-Sectional Studies
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/psychology
Exercise/psychology
Female
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Oman
Primary Health Care
Self Efficacy
Social Support
Socioeconomic Factors
Surveys and Questionnaires

Access to Document

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016946

Perceived barriers to leisure time ...
© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted. This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Final published version, 622 KBLicence: Creative Commons: Attribution Non-Commercial (CC-BY-NC)

Cite this

@article{b66fcc50014f4578acbdb18381856544,

title = "Perceived barriers to leisure time physical activity in adults with type 2 diabetes attending primary healthcare in Oman: a cross-sectional survey",

abstract = "OBJECTIVES: Physical activity is fundamental in diabetes management for good metabolic control. This study aimed to identify barriers to performing leisure time physical activity and explore differences based on gender, age, marital status, employment, education, income and perceived stages of change in physical activity in adults with type 2 diabetes in Oman.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using an Arabic version of the 'Barriers to Being Active' 27-item questionnaire.SETTING: Seventeen primary health centres randomly selected in Muscat.PARTICIPANTS: Individuals>18 years with type 2 diabetes, attending diabetes clinic for >2 years and with no contraindications to performing physical activity.PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants were asked to rate how far different factors influenced their physical activity under the following categories: fear of injury, lack of time, social support, energy, willpower, skills, resources, religion and environment. On a scale of 0-9, barriers were considered important if scored ≥5.RESULTS: A total of 305 questionnaires were collected. Most (96%) reported at least one barrier to performing leisure time physical activity. Lack of willpower (44.4%), lack of resources (30.5%) and lack of social support (29.2%) were the most frequently reported barriers. Using χ2 test, lack of willpower was significantly different in individuals with low versus high income (54.2%vs40%, P=0.002) and in those reporting inactive versus active stages of change for physical activity (50.7%vs34.7%, P=0.029), lack of resources was significantly different in those with low versus high income (40%vs24.3%, P=0.004) and married versus unmarried (33.8%vs18.5%, P=0.018). Lack of social support was significant in females versus males (35.4%vs20.8%, P=0.005).CONCLUSIONS: The findings can inform the design on physical activity intervention studies by testing the impact of strategies which incorporate ways to address reported barriers including approaches that enhance self-efficacy and social support.",

keywords = "Age Factors, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/psychology, Exercise/psychology, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oman, Primary Health Care, Self Efficacy, Social Support, Socioeconomic Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires",

author = "Thamra Alghafri and Alharthi, {Saud M} and {Al Farsi}, {Yahya Mohd} and Elaine Bannerman and Craigie, {Angela Mary} and Anderson, {Annie S}",

note = "{\textcopyright} Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.",

year = "2017",

month = nov,

day = "3",

doi = "10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016946",

language = "English",

volume = "7",

pages = "e016946",

journal = "BMJ Open",

issn = "2044-6055",

publisher = "BMJ Publishing Group",

number = "11",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Perceived barriers to leisure time physical activity in adults with type 2 diabetes attending primary healthcare in Oman

T2 - a cross-sectional survey

AU - Alghafri, Thamra

AU - Alharthi, Saud M

AU - Al Farsi, Yahya Mohd

AU - Bannerman, Elaine

AU - Craigie, Angela Mary

AU - Anderson, Annie S

PY - 2017/11/3

Y1 - 2017/11/3

N2 - OBJECTIVES: Physical activity is fundamental in diabetes management for good metabolic control. This study aimed to identify barriers to performing leisure time physical activity and explore differences based on gender, age, marital status, employment, education, income and perceived stages of change in physical activity in adults with type 2 diabetes in Oman.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using an Arabic version of the 'Barriers to Being Active' 27-item questionnaire.SETTING: Seventeen primary health centres randomly selected in Muscat.PARTICIPANTS: Individuals>18 years with type 2 diabetes, attending diabetes clinic for >2 years and with no contraindications to performing physical activity.PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants were asked to rate how far different factors influenced their physical activity under the following categories: fear of injury, lack of time, social support, energy, willpower, skills, resources, religion and environment. On a scale of 0-9, barriers were considered important if scored ≥5.RESULTS: A total of 305 questionnaires were collected. Most (96%) reported at least one barrier to performing leisure time physical activity. Lack of willpower (44.4%), lack of resources (30.5%) and lack of social support (29.2%) were the most frequently reported barriers. Using χ2 test, lack of willpower was significantly different in individuals with low versus high income (54.2%vs40%, P=0.002) and in those reporting inactive versus active stages of change for physical activity (50.7%vs34.7%, P=0.029), lack of resources was significantly different in those with low versus high income (40%vs24.3%, P=0.004) and married versus unmarried (33.8%vs18.5%, P=0.018). Lack of social support was significant in females versus males (35.4%vs20.8%, P=0.005).CONCLUSIONS: The findings can inform the design on physical activity intervention studies by testing the impact of strategies which incorporate ways to address reported barriers including approaches that enhance self-efficacy and social support.

AB - OBJECTIVES: Physical activity is fundamental in diabetes management for good metabolic control. This study aimed to identify barriers to performing leisure time physical activity and explore differences based on gender, age, marital status, employment, education, income and perceived stages of change in physical activity in adults with type 2 diabetes in Oman.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using an Arabic version of the 'Barriers to Being Active' 27-item questionnaire.SETTING: Seventeen primary health centres randomly selected in Muscat.PARTICIPANTS: Individuals>18 years with type 2 diabetes, attending diabetes clinic for >2 years and with no contraindications to performing physical activity.PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants were asked to rate how far different factors influenced their physical activity under the following categories: fear of injury, lack of time, social support, energy, willpower, skills, resources, religion and environment. On a scale of 0-9, barriers were considered important if scored ≥5.RESULTS: A total of 305 questionnaires were collected. Most (96%) reported at least one barrier to performing leisure time physical activity. Lack of willpower (44.4%), lack of resources (30.5%) and lack of social support (29.2%) were the most frequently reported barriers. Using χ2 test, lack of willpower was significantly different in individuals with low versus high income (54.2%vs40%, P=0.002) and in those reporting inactive versus active stages of change for physical activity (50.7%vs34.7%, P=0.029), lack of resources was significantly different in those with low versus high income (40%vs24.3%, P=0.004) and married versus unmarried (33.8%vs18.5%, P=0.018). Lack of social support was significant in females versus males (35.4%vs20.8%, P=0.005).CONCLUSIONS: The findings can inform the design on physical activity intervention studies by testing the impact of strategies which incorporate ways to address reported barriers including approaches that enhance self-efficacy and social support.

KW - Age Factors

KW - Aged

KW - Cross-Sectional Studies

KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/psychology

KW - Exercise/psychology

KW - Female

KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice

KW - Humans

KW - Male

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Oman

KW - Primary Health Care

KW - Self Efficacy

KW - Social Support

KW - Socioeconomic Factors

KW - Surveys and Questionnaires

U2 - 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016946

DO - 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016946

M3 - Article

C2 - 29102987

SN - 2044-6055

VL - 7

SP - e016946

JO - BMJ Open

JF - BMJ Open

IS - 11

ER -

Perceived barriers to leisure time physical activity in adults with type 2 diabetes attending primary healthcare in Oman: a cross-sectional survey

Abstract

Keywords / Materials (for Non-textual outputs)

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Cite this