PG-Schemas: Schemas for Property Graphs

Renzo Angles; Angela Bonifati; Stefania Dumbrava; George Fletcher; Alastair Green; Jan Hidders; Bei Li; Leonid Libkin; Victor Marsault; Wim Martens; Filip Murlak; Stefan Plantikow; Ognjen Savković; Michael Schmidt; Juan Sequeda; Slawek Staworko; Dominik Tomaszuk; Hannes Voigt; Domagoj Vrgoc; Mingxi Wu; Dusan Zivkovic

doi:10.1145/3589778

PG-Schemas: Schemas for Property Graphs

Renzo Angles, Angela Bonifati, Stefania Dumbrava, George Fletcher, Alastair Green, Jan Hidders, Bei Li, Leonid Libkin, Victor Marsault, Wim Martens, Filip Murlak, Stefan Plantikow, Ognjen Savković, Michael Schmidt, Juan Sequeda, Slawek Staworko, Dominik Tomaszuk, Hannes Voigt, Domagoj Vrgoc, Mingxi WuDusan Zivkovic

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Property graphs have reached a high level of maturity, witnessed by multiple robust graph database systems as well as the ongoing ISO standardization effort aiming at creating a new standard Graph Query Language (GQL). Yet, despite documented demand, schema support is limited both in existing systems and in the first version of the GQL Standard. It is anticipated that the second version of the GQL Standard will include a rich DDL. Aiming to inspire the development of GQL and enhance the capabilities of graph database systems, we propose PG-Schema, a simple yet powerful formalism for specifying property graph schemas. It features PG-Types with flexible type definitions supporting multi-inheritance, as well as expressive constraints based on the recently proposed PG-Keys formalism. We provide the formal syntax and semantics of PG-Schema, which meet principled design requirements grounded in contemporary property graph management scenarios, and offer a detailed comparison of its features with those of existing schema languages and graph database systems.

Original language	English
Article number	198
Pages (from-to)	1-25
Journal	Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data
Volume	1
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1145/3589778
Publication status	Published - 20 Jun 2023
Event	ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data 2023 - Seattle, United States Duration: 18 Jun 2023 → 23 Jun 2023 https://2023.sigmod.org/index.shtml

Keywords / Materials (for Non-textual outputs)

property graphs
schemas
graph databases

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10.1145/3589778Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC-BY)

PG-Schema_ANGLES_DOA02022023_AFV_CC-BYAccepted author manuscript, 704 KBLicence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC-BY)
PG-SCHEMA_ANGLES_DOA02022023_VOR_CC BYFinal published version, 688 KBLicence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC-BY)

https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3589778Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC-BY)

New Generation of Graph Query Languages
Libkin, L. (Principal Investigator)
1/09/22 → 29/02/24
Project: Research
Efficient Querying of Inconsistent Data
Pieris, A. (Principal Investigator) & Libkin, L. (Co-investigator)
EPSRC
1/09/18 → 31/08/23
Project: Research

Cite this

Angles, R., Bonifati, A., Dumbrava, S., Fletcher, G., Green, A., Hidders, J., Li, B., Libkin, L., Marsault, V., Martens, W., Murlak, F., Plantikow, S., Savković, O., Schmidt, M., Sequeda, J., Staworko, S., Tomaszuk, D., Voigt, H., Vrgoc, D., ... Zivkovic, D. (2023). PG-Schemas: Schemas for Property Graphs. Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data, 1(2), 1-25. Article 198. https://doi.org/10.1145/3589778

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abstract = "Property graphs have reached a high level of maturity, witnessed by multiple robust graph database systems as well as the ongoing ISO standardization effort aiming at creating a new standard Graph Query Language (GQL). Yet, despite documented demand, schema support is limited both in existing systems and in the first version of the GQL Standard. It is anticipated that the second version of the GQL Standard will include a rich DDL. Aiming to inspire the development of GQL and enhance the capabilities of graph database systems, we propose PG-Schema, a simple yet powerful formalism for specifying property graph schemas. It features PG-Types with flexible type definitions supporting multi-inheritance, as well as expressive constraints based on the recently proposed PG-Keys formalism. We provide the formal syntax and semantics of PG-Schema, which meet principled design requirements grounded in contemporary property graph management scenarios, and offer a detailed comparison of its features with those of existing schema languages and graph database systems.",

keywords = "property graphs, schemas, graph databases",

author = "Renzo Angles and Angela Bonifati and Stefania Dumbrava and George Fletcher and Alastair Green and Jan Hidders and Bei Li and Leonid Libkin and Victor Marsault and Wim Martens and Filip Murlak and Stefan Plantikow and Ognjen Savkovi{\'c} and Michael Schmidt and Juan Sequeda and Slawek Staworko and Dominik Tomaszuk and Hannes Voigt and Domagoj Vrgoc and Mingxi Wu and Dusan Zivkovic",

note = "Angela Bonifati and Leonid Libkin were supported by ANR-21-CE48-0015 VeriGraph. Leonid Libkin was supported by a Leverhulme Trust Research fellowship and EPSRC grant S003800.; ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data 2023, SIGMOD 2023 ; Conference date: 18-06-2023 Through 23-06-2023",

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doi = "10.1145/3589778",

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Angles, R, Bonifati, A, Dumbrava, S, Fletcher, G, Green, A, Hidders, J, Li, B, Libkin, L, Marsault, V, Martens, W, Murlak, F, Plantikow, S, Savković, O, Schmidt, M, Sequeda, J, Staworko, S, Tomaszuk, D, Voigt, H, Vrgoc, D, Wu, M & Zivkovic, D 2023, 'PG-Schemas: Schemas for Property Graphs', Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data, vol. 1, no. 2, 198, pp. 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1145/3589778

TY - JOUR

T1 - PG-Schemas: Schemas for Property Graphs

AU - Angles, Renzo

AU - Bonifati, Angela

AU - Dumbrava, Stefania

AU - Fletcher, George

AU - Green, Alastair

AU - Hidders, Jan

AU - Li, Bei

AU - Libkin, Leonid

AU - Marsault, Victor

AU - Martens, Wim

AU - Murlak, Filip

AU - Plantikow, Stefan

AU - Savković, Ognjen

AU - Schmidt, Michael

AU - Sequeda, Juan

AU - Staworko, Slawek

AU - Tomaszuk, Dominik

AU - Voigt, Hannes

AU - Vrgoc, Domagoj

AU - Wu, Mingxi

AU - Zivkovic, Dusan

N1 - Angela Bonifati and Leonid Libkin were supported by ANR-21-CE48-0015 VeriGraph. Leonid Libkin was supported by a Leverhulme Trust Research fellowship and EPSRC grant S003800.

PY - 2023/6/20

Y1 - 2023/6/20

N2 - Property graphs have reached a high level of maturity, witnessed by multiple robust graph database systems as well as the ongoing ISO standardization effort aiming at creating a new standard Graph Query Language (GQL). Yet, despite documented demand, schema support is limited both in existing systems and in the first version of the GQL Standard. It is anticipated that the second version of the GQL Standard will include a rich DDL. Aiming to inspire the development of GQL and enhance the capabilities of graph database systems, we propose PG-Schema, a simple yet powerful formalism for specifying property graph schemas. It features PG-Types with flexible type definitions supporting multi-inheritance, as well as expressive constraints based on the recently proposed PG-Keys formalism. We provide the formal syntax and semantics of PG-Schema, which meet principled design requirements grounded in contemporary property graph management scenarios, and offer a detailed comparison of its features with those of existing schema languages and graph database systems.

AB - Property graphs have reached a high level of maturity, witnessed by multiple robust graph database systems as well as the ongoing ISO standardization effort aiming at creating a new standard Graph Query Language (GQL). Yet, despite documented demand, schema support is limited both in existing systems and in the first version of the GQL Standard. It is anticipated that the second version of the GQL Standard will include a rich DDL. Aiming to inspire the development of GQL and enhance the capabilities of graph database systems, we propose PG-Schema, a simple yet powerful formalism for specifying property graph schemas. It features PG-Types with flexible type definitions supporting multi-inheritance, as well as expressive constraints based on the recently proposed PG-Keys formalism. We provide the formal syntax and semantics of PG-Schema, which meet principled design requirements grounded in contemporary property graph management scenarios, and offer a detailed comparison of its features with those of existing schema languages and graph database systems.

KW - property graphs

KW - schemas

KW - graph databases

U2 - 10.1145/3589778

DO - 10.1145/3589778

M3 - Article

SN - 2836-6573

VL - 1

SP - 1

EP - 25

JO - Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data

JF - Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data

IS - 2

M1 - 198

T2 - ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data 2023

Y2 - 18 June 2023 through 23 June 2023

ER -

PG-Schemas: Schemas for Property Graphs

Abstract

Keywords / Materials (for Non-textual outputs)

Access to Document

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Projects

New Generation of Graph Query Languages

Efficient Querying of Inconsistent Data

Cite this