@inbook{006e1e3d80154e248537328f53e1616a,
title = "Preclinical Organotypic Models for the Assessment of Novel Cancer Therapeutics and Treatment",
abstract = "The immense costs in both financial terms and pre-clinical research effort that occur in the development of anti-cancer drugs are unfortunately not matched by a substantial increase in improved clinical therapies due to the high rate of failure during clinical trials. This may be due to issues with toxicity, or lack of clinical ef-fectiveness when the drug is evaluated in patients. Currently, much cancer re-search is driven by the need to develop therapies that can exploit cancer cell ad-aptations to conditions in the tumor microenvironment such as acidosis and hy-poxia, the requirement for more-specific, targeted treatments, or the exploitation of {\textquoteleft}precision medicine{\textquoteright} that can target known genomic changes in patient DNA. The high attrition rate for novel anti-cancer therapies suggests that the pre-clinical methods used in screening anti-cancer drugs need improvement. This chapter considers the advantages and disadvantages of 3D organotypic models in both cancer research and cancer drug screening, particularly in the areas of targeted drugs and the exploitation of genomic changes that can be used for therapeutic advantage in precision medicine",
author = "Carol Ward and James Meehan and Mark Gray and Ian Kunkler and Simon Langdon and Alan Murray and David Argyle",
year = "2019",
month = mar,
day = "12",
doi = "10.1007/82_2019_159",
language = "English",
series = "Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology",
editor = "Fabio Bagnoli and Rino Rappuoli",
booktitle = "Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology",
}